Determination of Luteolin 7-Glucuronide in (L.) Britt. Leaf Extracts from Different Regions of China and Republic of Korea and Its Cholesterol-Lowering Effect.

Lowering blood cholesterol levels is crucial for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. To develop (L.) Britt.

Screening and Evaluation of Active Compounds in Polyphenol Mixtures by a Novel AAPH Offline HPLC Method and Its Application.

In this study, we developed a novel offline high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method based on 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) radicals for antioxidant screening in 20 polyphenolic compounds and used the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay to evaluate their antioxidant activity. Compared to the existing offline HPLC methods based on 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), the offline HPLC method based on the AAPH radical is more sensitive. Additionally, we applied this method to (Walp.

Hypothermia Induced by Oxcarbazepine after Transient Forebrain Ischemia Exerts Therapeutic Neuroprotection through Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1 and 4 in Gerbils.

In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of post-ischemic treatment with oxcarbazepine (OXC; an anticonvulsant compound) against ischemic injury induced by transient forebrain ischemia and its mechanisms in gerbils. Transient ischemia was induced in the forebrain by occlusion of both common carotid arteries for 5 min under normothermic conditions (37 ± 0.2 °C).

Extracts from the Leaves of Ameliorate High-Fat Diet-Induced Memory Deficits in Mice.

We investigated the effects of leaf extract (CVE) on a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and memory deficits. Male mice (5 weeks of age) were fed vehicle (distilled water), or 30, 100, or 300 mg/kg of CVE once a day for 8 weeks with an HFD. Treatment with CVE resulted in lower body weight and glucose levels in a concentration- and feeding time-dependent manner.

The Anti-Inflammatory and the Antinociceptive Effects of Mixed Ledeb. and Bunge Extract.

Arthritis is a common condition that causes pain and inflammation in a joint. Previously, we reported that the mixture extract (ME) from Ledeb. (AP) and Bunge (SM) could ameliorate gout arthritis.

Extract Decreases Neuronal Damage Induced by Oxidative Stress in HT22 Cells and Ischemia in Gerbils by Reducing the Inflammation and Phosphorylation of MAPKs.

In the present study, we examined the effects of leaf extracts (CVE) against hydrogen peroxide (HO)- and ischemia-induced neuronal damage in HT22 cells and gerbil hippocampus. Incubation with CVE produced concentration-dependent toxicity in HT22 cells. Significant cellular toxicity was observed with >75 μg/mL CVE.

Ruiz & Pav. Root Extract: A New Source of Caffeoylquinic Acids with Antioxidant and Aldose Reductase Inhibitory Activities.

Ruiz & Pav. () has long been used as a herbal medicine in Peru; however, its phytochemicals and pharmacology need to be scientifically explored. In this study, we combined the offline 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH)-/ultrafiltration-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC)/pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography (pH-zone-refining CCC) to screen and separate the antioxidants and aldose reductase (AR) inhibitors from the 70% MeOH extract of which exhibited remarkable antioxidant and AR inhibitory activities.

Effect of Extract and Synthesized Derivatives of Isolated Compound from f. Pilosa Ohwi on Neuropathic Pain in Mice.

Neuropathic pain is described as the "most terrible of all tortures that a nerve wound may inflict." The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the antinociceptive effect of f. pilosa Ohwi water extract (SCW) and synthesized derivatives of the isolated compound.

Antinociceptive effect of chrysin in diabetic neuropathy and formalin-induced pain models.

Chrysin, a natural flavonoid, is the main ingredient of many medicinal plants, which shows potent pharmacological properties. In the present study, the antinociceptive effects of chrysin were examined in ICR mice. Chrysin orally administered at the doses of from 10 to 100 mg/kg exerted the reductions of formalin-induced pain behaviors observed during the second phase in the formalin test in a dose-dependent manner.

Effects of resveratrol and oxyresveratrol on hippocampal cell death induced by kainic acid.

In the present study, we have examined the possible neuroprotective effects of resveratrol and oxyresveratrol against kainic-acid (KA)-induced hippocampal neuronal cell death. Either resveratrol or oxyresvertrol was orally administered 30 min prior to intracerebroventricular (i.c.

Morus alba Accumulates Reactive Oxygen Species to Initiate Apoptosis via FOXO-Caspase 3-Dependent Pathway in Neuroblastoma Cells.

Morus alba root extract (MARE) has been used to treat hyperglycaemic conditions in oriental medicine. Here, we studied whether MARE possesses a cytotoxic effect on neuroblastoma. To check the cytotoxicity generated by MARE was whether relatively higher against the cancer cells rather than normal cells, we chose a neuroblastoma cell line (B103) and a normal cell line (Rat-2).

Apoptotic Effects of Melandryum firmum Root Extracts in Human SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells.

Melandryum firmum is a biennial plant that has been used in traditional medicine for treatment of bacterial and fungal infection. Here, we investigated molecular mechanisms underlying apoptotic effects of Melandryum firmum root extract (MFRE) in neuroblastoma cells, since the effect of this natural compound on cancer cells has not been fully clarified. The root extract of M.

Antinociception effect and mechanisms of campanula punctata extract in the mouse.

In the present study, the antinociceptive profiles of Campanula punctata extract were examined in ICR mice. The Campanula punctata contain a large dose of saponin. Campanula punctata extract administered orally (200 mg/kg) showed an antinociceptive effect as measured by the tail-flick and hot-plate tests.

Active component of Fatsia japonica enhances the transduction efficiency of Tat-SOD fusion protein both in vitro and in vivo.

It has been reported that Tat-SOD can be directly transduced into mammalian cells and skin and acts as a potential therapeutic protein in various diseases. To isolate the compound that can enhance the transduction efficiency of Tat-SOD, we screened a number of natural products. 3-O-[beta-D-Glucopyranosyl(1-->4)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]- hederagenin (OGAH) was identified as an active component of Fatsia japonica and is known as triterpenoid glycosides (hederagenin saponins).

Neuroprotective effects of roasted licorice, not raw form, on neuronal injury in gerbil hippocampus after transient forebrain ischemia.

Aim: To observe neuroprotective effects of raw and roasted licorice against hypoxia and ischemic damage.

Methods: When elucidating the protective effects of raw and roasted licorice, we analyzed the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release using PC12 cells after hypoxia in an in vitro study and after transient forebrain ischemia in an in vivo study on Mongolian gerbils.

Results: Raw and roasted licorice significantly reduced LDH release from PC12 cells exposed to an hypoxic chamber for 1 h.

Soybean isoflavones alter parvalbumin in hippocampus of mid-aged normal female, ovariectomized female, and normal male rats.

Aim: To investigate the long-term effect of soybean isoflavones on changes in parvalbumin (PV) immunoreactivity in the hippocampus in normal female, ovariectomized (OVX) female and normal male rats.

Methods: Ten-month-old rats were assigned to one of 9 groups (n = 7 in each group) based on body weight using a randomized complete-block design. The groups were: control diet-treated females, OVX females, and males; 0.

Complete 1H and 13C NMR spectral assignment of symmetric and asymmetric bis-spiropyran derivatives.

(1)H and (13)C NMR spectra of symmetric and asymmetric bis-spiropyrans, Series 1-3, were completely assigned. Especially, the (1)H assignment of asymmetric spiropyrans was achieved by utilizing (1)H-(1)H COSY and nOe experiments. All of the carbons in the dye molecules were investigated through a combination of heteronuclear 2D-shift correlation spectroscopy (HETCOR), together with an attached proton test (APT).