Maximize Donor Cornea Use in a Hepatitis B Endemic Area via Serology Matching.

Background: This study aims to investigate the rationality of the allocation guidelines in a hepatitis B endemic area that uses corneas from hepatitis B donors.

Methods: Under Taiwan's current guidelines, corneas donated from hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)(+) donors can be allocated to HBsAg(+) or hepatitis B surface antibody recipients. From January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019, corneas donated to National Taiwan University Hospital were divided into HBsAg(+), HBsAg(-)/hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc)(+), and HBsAg(-)/anti-HBc(-) groups.

SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA load dynamics in the nasopharynx of infected children.

It is important to understand the temporal trend of the paediatric severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load to estimate the transmission potential of children in schools and communities. We determined the differences in SARS-CoV-2 viral load dynamics between nasopharyngeal samples of infected asymptomatic and symptomatic children. Serial cycle threshold values of SARS-CoV-2 from the nasopharynx of a cohort of infected children were collected for analysis.

Clinical Utility of Buccal Swabs for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Detection in Coronavirus Disease 2019-Infected Children.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was detected from at least 1 buccal specimen in 9 of 11 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-infected children (81.8%). Viral loads in buccal specimens were substantially lower than those in nasopharyngeal specimens.

Invasive squamous cell carcinomas and precursor lesions on UV-exposed epithelia demonstrate concordant genomic complexity in driver genes.

Although squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are the most frequent human solid tumor at many anatomic sites, the driving molecular alterations underlying their progression from precursor lesions are poorly understood, especially in the context of photodamage. Therefore, we used high-depth, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) of RNA and DNA from routine tissue samples to characterize the progression of both well- (cutaneous) and poorly (ocular) studied SCCs. We assessed 56 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) cutaneous lesions (n = 8 actinic keratosis, n = 30 carcinoma in situ [CIS], n = 18 invasive) and 43 FFPE ocular surface lesions (n = 2 conjunctival/corneal intraepithelial neoplasia, n = 20 CIS, n = 21 invasive), from institutions in the US and Brazil.

Long-term outcomes of penetrating keratoplasty for corneal complications of herpes zoster ophthalmicus.

Background/aim: To review the long-term outcomes of penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) for corneal complications of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO).

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 53 eyes of 53 patients who underwent PKP due to corneal complications of HZO at the Kellogg Eye Center.

Results: The mean age of patients at the time of PKP was 68.

Elizabethkingia anophelis and Association with Tap Water and Handwashing, Singapore.

We report an Elizabethkingia anophelis case cluster associated with contaminated aerators and tap water in a children's intensive care unit in Singapore in 2017. We demonstrate a likely transmission route for E. anophelis to patients through acquisition of the bacteria on hands of healthcare workers via handwashing.

Outcomes of cataract surgery in graft-versus-host disease.

Purpose: To study the outcomes of cataract surgery in patients with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Methods: Retrospective review of 72 eyes of 41 patients (age, 17-69 years at the time of surgery) with chronic GVHD after HSCT, who underwent cataract surgery between 2008 and 2012 at the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, W. K.

Outcomes of cataract surgery in eyes with previous herpes zoster ophthalmicus.

Purpose: To report the outcomes of cataract surgery in eyes with previous herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO).

Setting: Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Stromal demarcation line induced by corneal cross-linking in eyes with keratoconus and nonkeratoconic asymmetric topography.

Purpose: To evaluate stromal demarcation lines following corneal cross-linking (CXL) using anterior segment optical coherence tomography in patients with keratoconus and nonkeratoconic asymmetric topography.

Methods: Fifth-nine eyes of 59 patients were enrolled in a retrospective comparative case series, of which 19 eyes had keratoconus and 40 eyes had asymmetric topography. Eyes with asymmetric topography were treated in preparation for photorefractive keratectomy.

Acute hydrops with corneal perforation in post-LASIK ectasia.

Purpose: To report a case of corneal hydrops with perforation in a patient with ectasia after undergoing laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

Methods: An observational study with clinical, optical coherence tomographic, and histopathologic findings.

Results: A 41-year-old woman had an acute onset of blurry vision, pain, photophobia, tearing, and foreign body sensation in the right eye 10 years after undergoing unilateral LASIK in Jordan.

Long-term use of autologous serum 50% eye drops for the treatment of dry eye disease.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the outcomes of 50% autologous serum (AS) eye drops after long-term use in a large cohort of patients with dry eyes.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on all patients treated with 50% AS eye drops at our institution between June 2008 and January 2013. Records were reviewed for clinical history, systemic risk factors, dry eye etiology, patients' symptoms, and adverse events.

Prone positioning to facilitate graft adherence in the late postoperative period after descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to report the use of prone positioning to facilitate graft adherence in the late postoperative period after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK).

Methods: A 75-year-old woman with Fuchs dystrophy had repeated endothelial graft detachments after simultaneous DSAEK and phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Multiple attempts in the operating room to reposition the tissue, including placement of air into the anterior chamber, postoperative face-up positioning, and the use of new donor tissue, were unsuccessful.

Anterior chamber gas bubbles during femtosecond laser flap creation in LASIK: video evidence of entry via trabecular meshwork.

Unlabelled: Femtosecond laser photodisruption of corneal stroma during laser in situ keratomileusis flap creation is accompanied by the formation of cavitation gas bubbles consisting of carbon dioxide and water vapor. Entry of these bubbles into the anterior chamber is an infrequent complication. We present video evidence that these bubbles enter via the trabecular meshwork.

Management of pain with diclofenac after femtosecond-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of topical diclofenac sodium 0.1% after femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

Setting: W.

Treatment of ocular graft-versus-host disease with topical cyclosporine 0.05%.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of topical cyclosporine-A 0.05% (CsA) in the treatment of dry eye syndrome in ocular graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) of hematopoietic stem cells.

Methods: One-hundred five patients were enrolled in a retrospective, comparative, interventional case series.

Wound integrity of clear corneal incisions closed with fibrin and N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate adhesives.

Purpose: To compare the integrity of clear corneal incisions closed with fibrin (Tisseel) and n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl) tissue adhesives to those closed with conventional sutures.

Methods: Four replicate experiments were performed on porcine eyes with each of the following conditions: three limbal clear corneal incision sizes (3.0 mm, 4.

Long-term outcome of combined penetrating keratoplasty with scleral-sutured posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of combined penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) with scleral-sutured posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) implantation.

Methods: Medical records from patients with aphakic and pseudophakic bullous keratopathy were retrospectively reviewed for preoperative indications and postoperative results of 105 consecutive patients (105 eyes) who underwent combined PKP and scleral-sutured PC-IOL implantation over a 13-year period. Main outcomes measures were graft survival rate, visual acuity, and intraoperative and postoperative complications.

Rupture of anterior lens capsule from blunt ocular injury.

We report 3 cases of blunt trauma causing rupture of the anterior lens capsule with cataract formation. The injuries were caused by a paintball gun, a ball-bearing air pistol, and an aluminum rivet. In all 3 cases, the anterior capsule tears were central and the posterior capsules and zonules intact; uneventful cataract extraction with implantation of an intraocular lens was performed.

Femtosecond laser-assisted keratoplasty: laboratory studies in eye bank eyes.

Purpose: To optimize the surgical technique for performing femtosecond laser-assisted keratoplasty (FLAK) using the IntraLase FS to cut both recipient and donor cornea buttons in eye bank globes.

Methods: FLAK was performed in six globes and six corneoscleral buttons for each of the following trephination patterns: top hat, mushroom, tongue-groove, and vertical. Manual trephination was performed as control.

Recurrent ectasia in corneal grafts and outcomes of repeat keratoplasty for keratoconus.

Aim: To analyse cases of recurrent ectasia in donor corneas after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for keratoconus.

Methods: Data on 25 patients (36 eyes) with recurrent ectasia were retrospectively analysed in this study. The main outcome measures were time to development of recurrent ectasia after first PK for keratoconus, change in keratometric sphere and astigmatism between final suture removal and development of recurrent ectasia, status of regrafts for recurrent ectasia, and histopathology of grafts excised for recurrent ectasia.

Femtosecond lasers in ophthalmology.

Purpose: To provide an update and review of femtosecond (FS) lasers in clinical ophthalmology.

Design: Perspective, literature review, and commentary.

Methods: Selected articles from the literature and the authors' clinical and laboratory studies.

Different application volumes of ethyl-cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive can change its antibacterial effects against ocular pathogens in vitro.

Purpose: To analyze the antibacterial effects in vitro of ethyl-cyanoacrylate (EC) tissue adhesive in different application volumes.

Methods: Volumes of 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 25, and 35 mu l of EC were applied onto the surface of monolayer cultures of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25924), Streptococcus pneumoniae (ATCC49619), Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC13883). The diameter of each EC drop was measured, and the area of the circle of EC (formed after its application onto the monolayer culture) was calculated.