Correlation of brain tissue volume loss with inflammatory biomarkers IL1β, P-tau, T-tau, and NLPR3 in the aging cognitively impaired population.

Background: Blood inflammatory biomarkers have emerged as important tools for diagnosing, assessing treatment responses, and predicting neurodegenerative diseases. This study evaluated the associations between blood inflammatory biomarkers and brain tissue volume loss in elderly people.

Methods: This study included 111 participants (age 67.

Prediction of Hemifacial Spasm Re-Appearing Phenomenon after Microvascular Decompression Surgery in Patients with Hemifacial Spasm Using Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Objective: Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is treated by a surgical procedure called microvascular decompression (MVD). However, HFS re-appearing phenomenon after surgery, presenting as early recurrence, is experienced by some patients after MVD. Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and two analytical methods : receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and machine learning, were used to predict early recurrence in this study.

Increased extra-neurite conductivity of brain in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A pilot study.

The objectives of this study were to investigate how the extra-neurite conductivity (EC) and intra-neurite conductivity (IC) were reflected in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients compared with old cognitively normal (CN) people and patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to evaluate the association between those conductivity values and cognitive decline. To do this, high-frequency conductivity (HFC) at the Larmor frequency was obtained using MRI-based electrical property tomography (MREPT) and was decomposed into EC and IC using information of multi-shell multi-gradient direction diffusion tensor images. This prospective single-center study included 20 patients with mild or moderate AD, 25 patients with amnestic MCI, and 21 old CN participants.

Predicting the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele carrier status based on gray matter volumes and cognitive function.

Background: Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 carriers have a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and show brain atrophy and cognitive decline even before diagnosis.

Objective: To predict ApoE ε4 status using gray matter volume (GMV) obtained from magnetic resonance imaging images and demographic data with machine learning (ML) methods.

Methods: We recruited 74 participants (25 probable AD, 24 amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and 25 cognitively normal older people) with known ApoE genotype (22 ApoE ε4 carriers and 52 noncarriers) and scanned them with three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted (T1W) and 3D double inversion recovery (DIR) sequences.

Altered functional connectivity of the ascending reticular activating system in obstructive sleep apnea.

Repeated arousals during sleep in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may lead to altered functional connectivity (FC) of the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS). We evaluated resting-state FC between eight ARAS nuclei and 105 cortical/subcortical regions in OSA patients and healthy controls. Fifty patients with moderate to severe OSA and 20 controls underwent overnight polysomnography and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Malignant Transformation of Warthin Tumor in the Cervical Lymph Node.

Warthin tumor is the second most common benign tumor of salivary glands. Here we present an interesting case of squamous cell carcinoma arising from the Warthin tumor in the cervical lymph node. The patient had another Warthin tumor in the parotid gland as well.

Concurrent FDG-Avid and Non-FDG-Avid Pleomorphic Adenomas in the Submandibular Gland and Parapharyngeal Space.

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumor of salivary glands. Here we present an interesting case of concurrent pleomorphic adenomas in the parapharyngeal space and submandibular gland. The tumors showed stark differences in the imaging findings on FDG PET/CT and MRI.

Microvascular morphology alteration using relaxation rate change with gadolinium-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques cannot demonstrate microvascular alterations in mild Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, the diagnosis of microvascular pathology commonly relies on postmortem. The purpose of this study was to evaluate alterations of microvascular structures in patients with AD using a 3T clinical MRI system with a commercially available contrast agent.

Altered intrinsic brain functional network dynamics in moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea.

Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can affect temporal fluctuations in brain activity during rest. Dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) captures the fluctuations in FC during the resting state. This study aimed to investigate differences in dFC between moderate-to-severe OSA patients and healthy controls using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and sliding-window analysis.

Psammomatoid ossifying fibroma in the extraconal space: a case report.

A 24-year-old patient with left eye proptosis and intermittent pain for 5 months was admitted to our hospital. Physical examination revealed neither extra ocular muscle limitations nor visual field defects. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a multicystic mass in the left extraconal space compressing the superior oblique muscle and adjacent frontal lobe.

Association between carotid atherosclerosis and presence of intracranial atherosclerosis using three-dimensional high-resolution vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes.

Aims: Carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to investigate whether CAS is associated with the presence of intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS).

Methods: A total of 69 asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes (36 with CAS and 33 without CAS) who were free of cerebrovascular disease were enrolled in this case-control study.

Application of High-Frequency Conductivity Map Using MRI to Evaluate It in the Brain of Alzheimer's Disease Patients.

Background: The previous studies reported increased concentrations of metallic ions, imbalanced Na+ and K+ ions, and the increased mobility of protons by microstructural disruptions in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Purpose: (1) to apply a high-frequency conductivity (HFC) mapping technique using a clinical 3T MRI system, (2) compare HFC values in the brains of participants with AD, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and cognitively normal (CN) elderly people, (3) evaluate the relationship between HFC values and cognitive decline, and (4) explore usefulness of HFC values as an imaging biomarker to evaluate the differentiation of AD from CN.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study included 74 participants (23 AD patients, 27 amnestic MCI patients, and 24 CN elderly people) to explore the clinical application of HFC mapping in the brain from March 2019 to August 2021.

Myelin-Weighted Imaging Presents Reduced Apparent Myelin Water in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease.

The purpose of this study was to investigate myelin loss in both AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients with a new myelin water mapping technique within reasonable scan time and evaluate the clinical relevance of the apparent myelin water fraction (MWF) values by assessing the relationship between decreases in myelin water and the degree of memory decline or aging. Twenty-nine individuals were assigned to the cognitively normal (CN) elderly group, 32 participants were assigned to the MCI group, and 31 patients were assigned to the AD group. A 3D visualization of the short transverse relaxation time component (ViSTa)-gradient and spin-echo (GraSE) sequence was developed to map apparent MWF.

Effective End-to-End Deep Learning Process in Medical Imaging Using Independent Task Learning: Application for Diagnosis of Maxillary Sinusitis.

Purpose: This study aimed to propose an effective end-to-end process in medical imaging using an independent task learning (ITL) algorithm and to evaluate its performance in maxillary sinusitis applications.

Materials And Methods: For the internal dataset, 2122 Waters' view X-ray images, which included 1376 normal and 746 sinusitis images, were divided into training (n=1824) and test (n=298) datasets. For external validation, 700 images, including 379 normal and 321 sinusitis images, from three different institutions were evaluated.

Treatment evaluation of Kami Guibi-tang on participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment using magnetic resonance imaging on brain metabolites, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and cerebral blood flow.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of Kami Guibi-tang (KGT) in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on brain metabolites, neurotransmitter, and cerebral blood flow (CBF).

Methods: We randomly allocated a total of 30 MCI patients to a KGT (N = 16) or a placebo (N = 14) group and performed MRI scans before and after 24 weeks of treatment. The participants underwent brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy and MRI scans to obtain brain metabolites using Point-RESolved Spectroscopy (PRESS) single-voxel spectroscopy, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter using Mescher-Garwood PRESS, and CBF using pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling sequences using a 3.

Longitudinal Functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study in Subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Longitudinal changes of brain metabolites during a functional stimulation are unknown in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects.

Objective: This study was to evaluate the longitudinal changes of brain metabolites using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) in response to treatment during a memory task in the subjects of cognitive normal (CN), aMCI, and AD.

Methods: We acquired functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) data from 28 CN elderly, 16 aMCI and 12 AD subjects during a face-name association task.

Development and evaluation of a T1 standard brain template for Alzheimer disease.

Background: Patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have high variability in brain tissue loss, making it difficult to use a disease-specific standard brain template. The objective of this study was to develop an AD-specific three-dimensional (3D) T1 brain tissue template and to evaluate the characteristics of the populations used to form the template.

Methods: We obtained 3D T1-weighted images from 294 individuals, including 101 AD, 96 amnestic MCI, and 97 cognitively normal (CN) elderly individuals, and segmented them into different brain tissues to generate AD-specific brain tissue templates.

Relationship between Brain Tissue Changes and Blood Biomarkers of Cyclophilin A, Heme Oxygenase-1, and Inositol-Requiring Enzyme 1 in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease.

Cyclophilin A (CypA), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) are believed to be associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we investigated the association between gray matter volume (GMV) changes and blood levels of CypA, HO-1, and IRE1 in cognitively normal (CN) subjects and those with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and AD. Forty-five elderly CN, 34 aMCI, and 39 AD subjects were enrolled in this study.

Added Value of Chemical Exchange-Dependent Saturation Transfer MRI for the Diagnosis of Dementia.

Objective: Chemical exchange-dependent saturation transfer (CEST) MRI is sensitive for detecting solid-like proteins and may detect changes in the levels of mobile proteins and peptides in tissues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of chemical exchange proton pools using the CEST MRI technique in patients with dementia.

Materials And Methods: Our institutional review board approved this cross-sectional prospective study and informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Evaluation and Prediction of Early Alzheimer's Disease Using a Machine Learning-based Optimized Combination-Feature Set on Gray Matter Volume and Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping.

Background: Because Alzheimer's Disease (AD) has very complicated pattern changes, it is difficult to evaluate it with a specific factor. Recently, novel machine learning methods have been applied to solve limitations.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the approach of classification and prediction methods using the Machine Learning (ML)-based Optimized Combination-Feature (OCF) set on Gray Matter Volume (GMV) and Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) in the subjects of Cognitive Normal (CN) elderly, Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI), and mild and moderate AD.

Clear cell chondrosarcoma of the talus in Von Hippel-Lindau disease: a rare tumor in an unusual location and uncommon co-presentation.

Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is an autosomal dominant inherited tumor syndrome. Clear cell chondrosarcoma (CCCS) is a rare variant of chondrosarcoma. Here, we report a case of CCCS in the talus occurring in a patient with VHL disease.

Expression of Beclin-1, an autophagy-related protein, is associated with tumoral FOXP3 expression and Tregs in gastric adenocarcinoma: The function of Beclin-1 expression as a favorable prognostic factor in gastric adenocarcinoma.

Background: Autophagy, which is stimulated by cellular or environmental stresses, is involved in several distinct biological processes, and the regulation mechanism is complex. Autophagy has been reported to modulate immune system components. In the present study, the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3, an autophagy-related proteins, and its relationship with FOXP3 expression were investigated in gastric adenocarcinoma cells and FOXP3+T cells (regulatory T cells).