Enhances Brown Spot Disease Resistance in Rice.

Brown spot (BS) is caused by necrotrophs fungi () which affects rainfed and upland production in rice, resulting in significant losses in yield and grain quality. Here, we explored the meJA treatment that leads to rice resistance to BS. Fibrillins (FBNs) family are constituents of plastoglobules in chloroplast response to biotic and abiotic stress, many research revealed that and are not only associated with the rice against disease but also with the JA pathway.

Synergizing breeding strategies via combining speed breeding, phenotypic selection, and marker-assisted backcrossing for the introgression of in wheat.

Wheat is a major food crop that plays a crucial role in the human diet. Various breeding technologies have been developed and refined to meet the increasing global wheat demand. Several studies have suggested breeding strategies that combine generation acceleration systems and molecular breeding methods to maximize breeding efficiency.

Acceleration of wheat breeding: enhancing efficiency and practical application of the speed breeding system.

Background: Crop breeding should be accelerated to address global warming and climate change. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major food crop.

Tumor budding as a predictor of disease-free survival in patients with cholangiocarcinoma.

Tumor budding is considered a prognostic factor in several solid cancer types. However, we lack comprehensive information on the importance of tumor budding in cholangiocarcinoma. Therefore, we aimed to assess the prognostic value of tumor budding in intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas and to evaluate its correlations with other clinicopathological parameters.

Proteome profiling highlights mechanisms underlying pigment and tocopherol accumulation in red and black rice seeds.

Rice is a major component of the human diet and feeds more than 50 million people across the globe. We previously developed two pigmented rice cultivars, Super-hongmi (red seeds) and Super-jami (black seeds), that are highly rich in antioxidants and exhibit high levels of radical scavenging activities. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the accumulation of pigments and different antioxidants in these rice cultivars remains largely elusive.

Multi-omics analysis reveals the genetic basis of rice fragrance mediated by betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2.

Introduction: Fragrance is an important economic and quality trait in rice. The trait is controlled by the recessive gene betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (BADH2) via the production of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP).

Objectives: Variation in BADH2 was evaluated at the population, genetic, transcriptional, and metabolic levels to obtain insights into fragrance regulation in rice.

Mutations in , , and confer embryonic lethality and alter flavonoid accumulation in Rice ( L.) seed.

Morphological and biochemical changes accompanying embryogenesis and seed development are crucial for plant survival and crop productivity. Here, we identified a novel () mutant of the rice cultivar Sindongjin ( L.), namely, -.

TMT-based quantitative membrane proteomics identified PRRs potentially involved in the perception of MSP1 in rice leaves.

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) play a key role in triggering PAMPs triggered immunity (PTI) in plants. In the case of the rice-Magnaporthe oryzae pathosystem, fewer PAMPs and their pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) have been characterized. Recently, a M.

Speed vernalization to accelerate generation advance in winter cereal crops.

There are many challenges facing the development of high-yielding, nutritious crops for future environments. One limiting factor is generation time, which prolongs research and plant breeding timelines. Recent advances in speed breeding protocols have dramatically reduced generation time for many short-day and long-day species by optimizing light and temperature conditions during plant growth.

Cytokinin increases vegetative growth period by suppressing florigen expression in rice and maize.

Increasing the vegetative growth period of crops can increase biomass and grain yield. In rice (Oryza sativa), the concentration of trans -zeatin, an active cytokinin, was high in the leaves during vegetative growth and decreased rapidly upon induction of florigen expression, suggesting that this hormone is involved in the regulation of the vegetative phase. To elucidate whether exogenous cytokinin application influences the length of the vegetative phase, we applied 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) to rice plants at various developmental stages.

Global Identification and Characterization of C2 Domain-Containing Proteins Associated with Abiotic Stress Response in Rice ( L.).

C2 domain-containing proteins (C2DPs) have been identified in different genomes that contain single or multiple C2 domains in their C- or N-terminal. It possesses higher functional activity in the transmembrane regions. The identification of C2 domains were reported in a previous study, such as multiple C2 domains and transmembrane-region proteins (MCTPs) and N-terminal-TM-C2 domain proteins (NTMC2s) of rice, , and cotton, whereas the gene family in rice has not been comprehensively studied, and the role of the gene in rice in response to abiotic stress is not yet fully understood.

Comparative proteome profiling of susceptible and resistant rice cultivars identified an arginase involved in rice defense against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causative agent of bacterial blight, is one of the major threats to rice productivity. Yet, the molecular mechanism of rice-Xoo interaction is elusive.

Lymphocyte-activating gene-3 expression is associated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte levels in HER2-positive breast cancers.

Lymphocyte-activating gene-3 (LAG-3, CD223) is the third inhibitory receptor targeted for immunotherapy. Several clinical trials investigating the use of interventions targeting LAG-3 are underway. The exact signaling mechanism downstream of LAG-3 is largely unknown, especially in breast cancer.

Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals the Genetic Basis of Chilling Tolerance in Rice at the Reproductive Stage.

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was used to investigate the genetic basis of chilling tolerance in a collection of 117 rice accessions, including 26 Korean landraces and 29 weedy rices, at the reproductive stage. To assess chilling tolerance at the early young microspore stage, plants were treated at 12 °C for 5 days, and tolerance was evaluated using seed set fertility. GWAS, together with principal component analysis and kinship matrix analysis, revealed five quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with chilling tolerance on chromosomes 3, 6, and 7.

Genome-Wide Identification and Genetic Variations of the Starch Synthase Gene Family in Rice.

Starch is a major ingredient in rice, and the amylose content of starch significantly impacts rice quality. OsSS (starch synthase) is a gene family related to the synthesis of amylose and amylopectin, and 10 members have been reported. In the present study, a synteny analysis of a novel family member belonging to the OsSSIV subfamily that contained a starch synthase catalytic domain showed that three segmental duplications and multiple duplications were identified in rice and other species.

OsGATA16, a GATA Transcription Factor, Confers Cold Tolerance by Repressing OsWRKY45-1 at the Seedling Stage in Rice.

Background: Cold stress is the main abiotic stress in rice, which seriously affects the growth and yield of rice. Identification of cold tolerance genes is of great significance for rice to solve these problems. GATA-family transcription factors involve diverse biological functions, however, their role in cold tolerance in rice remains unclear.

Genome-Wide Association Study of Root System Development at Seedling Stage in Rice.

Root network structure plays a crucial role in growth and development processes in rice. Longer, more branched root structures help plants to assimilate water and nutrition from soil, support robust plant growth, and improve resilience to stresses such as disease. Understanding the molecular basis of root development through screening of root-related traits in rice germplasms is critical to future rice breeding programs.

Increasing Coverage of Proteome Identification of the Fruiting Body of by Shotgun Proteomics.

To increase coverage of protein identification of an fruiting body, we analyzed the crude protein fraction of the fruiting body by using a shotgun proteomics approach where 7 MudPIT (Multi-Protein identification Technology) runs were conducted and the MS/MS spectra from the 7 MudPIT runs were merged. Overall, 3093 non-redundant proteins were identified to support the expression of those genes annotated in the genome database of . The physicochemical properties of the identified proteins, i.

Study of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) Associated with Allelopathic Trait in Rice.

In rice there are few genetic studies reported for allelopathy traits, which signify the ability of plants to inhibit or stimulate growth of other plants in the environment, by exuding chemicals. QTL analysis for allelopathic traits were conducted with 98 F8 RILs developed from the cross between the high allelopathic parents of 'Sathi' and non-allelopathic parents of 'Nong-an'. The performance of allelopathic traits were evaluated with inhibition rate on root length, shoot length, total length, root weight, shoot weight, and total weight of lettuce as a receiver plant.

A New SNP in Rice Gene Encoding Pyruvate Phosphate Dikinase (PPDK) Associated with Floury Endosperm.

Rice varieties with suitable flour-making qualities are required to promote the rice processed-food industry and to boost rice consumption. A rice mutation, Namil(SA)-flo1, produces grains with floury endosperm. Overall, grains with low grain hardness, low starch damage, and fine particle size are more suitable for use in flour processing grains with waxy, dull endosperm with normal grain hardness and a high amylose content.

Analysis of complete chloroplast genome sequence of Korean landrace .

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Korean acc smg222 was analyzed. Based on a comparison with Chinese , losses of nine subunits (A, B, C, D, E, F, H, J, and K), three protein-coding genes ( 1-like, 15, and 68), six transfer RNAs, and one conserved open reading frame ( 42). In addition, 219 InDels (insertion or deletion) and 171 simple sequence repeats were observed.