The comparison of the effects of intravenous ketamine or dexmedetomidine infusion on spinal block with bupivacaine.

Background: Ketamine and dexmedetomidine are commonly used for sedation and analgesia in patients. We tried to compare the effects of intravenous ketamine and dexmedetomidine infusion on spinal block with bupivacaine.

Methods: Ninety American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class I or II patients, who were scheduled to spinal anesthesia were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n = 30).

The effect of a subhypnotic dose of propofol for the prevention of coughing in adults during emergence from anesthesia with sevoflurane and remifentanil.

Background: Coughing during emergence from general anesthesia may be detrimental. Propofol is known to inhibit airway reflexes. We evaluated the incidence and severity of coughing in adults who received a subhypnotic dose of propofol at the end of sevoflurane-remifentanil anesthesia.