Epidemiology of scoliosis in cerebral palsy: A population-based study at skeletal maturity.

Aim: This study investigated the prevalence of scoliosis in a large, population-based cohort of individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) at skeletal maturity to identify associated risk factors that may inform scoliosis surveillance.

Methods: Young people with CP born between 1990 and 1992 were reviewed through routine orthopaedic review or a transition clinic. Classification of CP was recorded by movement disorder, distribution, gross and fine motor function.

Hip health at skeletal maturity: a population-based study of young adults with cerebral palsy.

Aim: We studied 'hip health' in a population-based cohort of adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy to investigate associations between hip morphology, pain, and gross motor function.

Method: Ninety-eight young adults (65 males, 33 females) from the birth cohort were identified as having developed hip displacement (migration percentage >30) and were reviewed at a mean age of 18 years 10 months (range 15-24y). Hip morphology was classified using the Melbourne Cerebral Palsy Hip Classification Scale (MCPHCS).

The impact of complementary and alternative medicine on hip development in children with cerebral palsy.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) approaches on long-term surgical requirements, and clinical and radiographic outcomes for children with cerebral palsy and hip displacement.

Method: Twenty-three children with cerebral palsy and early hip displacement who were offered preventive hip surgery and whose parents declined in favour of CAM approaches were followed (13 males, 10 females; mean age 13 y 9 mo [SD 3 y 1 mo]; mean length of follow-up 10 y 2 mo [SD 2 y 11 mo]; 17 with spastic quadriplegia, two with spastic triplegia, and four with spastic diplegia; three with gross motor function classified at Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] level II, four at level III, six at level IV, and 10 at level V). Principal outcome measures were progression of hip displacement (measured by migration percentage: the percentage of the femoral head sitting outside of the acetabulum), eventual need for reconstructive or salvage surgery, and long-term hip morphology (classified by the Melbourne Cerebral Palsy Hip Classification Scale).

The impact of botulinum toxin A and abduction bracing on long-term hip development in children with cerebral palsy.

Aim: To study the long-term impact of 3 years of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injections and abduction bracing on hip development in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP). We wanted to know if early treatment improved hip development and reduced the need for surgery.

Method: A long-term review of hip morphology and surgery requirements in children who participated in a multicentre, randomized controlled trial.

Comparative anatomical study of the gracilis and coracobrachialis muscles: implications for facial reanimation.

Since the introduction of cross-facial nerve grafting and free vascularized muscle transfer for the treatment of longstanding facial paralysis, substantial progress has been made toward restoration of facial expression that is as normal as possible. Much of the focus has remained on the gracilis as a donor muscle. However, its inherent anatomical characteristics may preclude it from ever being more than simply a mass of contractile tissue in the face.