Cell free supernatants of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium longum suppress the tumor growth in colorectal cancer organoid model.

The probiotic gut microbiome and its metabolites are pivotal in regulating host metabolism, inflammation, and immunity. Host genetics, colonization at birth, the host lifestyle, and exposure to diseases and drugs determine microbial composition. Dysbiosis and disruption of homeostasis in the beneficial microbiome have been reported to be involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Effects of simulated microgravity on colorectal cancer organoids growth and drug response.

Cellular and molecular dynamics of human cells are constantly affected by gravity. Alteration of the gravitational force disturbs the cellular equilibrium, which might modify physiological and molecular characteristics. Nevertheless, biological responses of cancer cells to reduced gravitational force remains obscure.

Establishment and characterization of 18 Sarcoma Cell Lines: Unraveling the Molecular Mechanisms of Doxorubicin Resistance in Sarcoma Cell Lines.

Sarcomas, malignant tumors from mesenchymal tissues, exhibit poor prognosis despite advancements in treatment modalities such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, with doxorubicin being a cornerstone treatment. Resistance to doxorubicin remains a significant hurdle in therapy optimization. This study aims to dissect the molecular bases of doxorubicin resistance in sarcoma cell lines, which could guide the development of tailored therapeutic strategies.

Establishment, characterization, and biobanking of 36 pancreatic cancer organoids: prediction of metastasis in resectable pancreatic cancer.

Purpose: Early dissemination of primary pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the main cause of dismal prognosis as it highly limits possible treatment options. A number of PDAC patients experience distant metastasis even after treatment due to the metastatic clones. We aimed to demonstrate the molecular architecture of borderline resectable PDAC manifests cancer dissemination of PDAC.

Patient-derived glioblastoma cell lines with conserved genome profiles of the original tissue.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal intracranial tumor. Sequencing technologies have supported personalized therapy for precise diagnosis and optimal treatment of GBM by revealing clinically actionable molecular characteristics. Although accumulating sequence data from brain tumors and matched normal tissues have facilitated a comprehensive understanding of genomic features of GBM, these in silico evaluations could gain more biological credibility when they are verified with in vitro and in vivo models.

Multifocal organoids reveal clonal associations between synchronous intestinal tumors with pervasive heterogeneous drug responses.

Multifocal colorectal cancer (CRC) comprises both clonally independent primary tumors caused by inherited predisposition and clonally related tumors mainly due to intraluminal spreading along an intact basement membrane. The distinction between these multifocal CRCs is essential because therapeutic strategies vary according to the clonal association of multiple tumor masses. Here, we report one unique case of synchronous intestinal cancer (SIC) with tumors occurring along the entire bowel tract, including the small intestine.

Colon cancer organoids using monoclonal organoids established in four different lesions of one cancer patient reveal tumor heterogeneity and different real-time responsiveness to anti-cancer drugs.

Organoid culture technique has been taking center stage as a next-generation ex-vivo model due to advancement of stem cell research techniques. The importance of the laboratory-based ex vivo model has increasingly been recognized for recapitulating histological, and physioglocal conditions of in vivo microenviorment. Accordingly, the use of this technique has also broadened the understanding of intratumoral heterogeneity which is closely associated with varied drug responses observed in patients.

Multifocal Organoid Capturing of Colon Cancer Reveals Pervasive Intratumoral Heterogenous Drug Responses.

Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) stands as one of the main difficulties in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) as it causes the development of resistant clones and leads to heterogeneous drug responses. Here, 12 sets of patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and cell lines (PDCs) isolated from multiple regions of single tumors from 12 patients, capturing ITH by multiregion sampling of individual tumors, are presented. Whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing of the 12 sets are performed.

Establishment of Patient-Derived Pancreatic Cancer Organoids from Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsies.

Background/aims: Three-dimensional cultures of human pancreatic cancer tissue also known as "organoids" have largely been developed from surgical specimens. Given that most patients present with locally advanced and/or metastatic disease, such organoids are not representative of the majority of patients. Therefore, we used endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) to collect pancreatic cancer tissues from patients with advanced pancreatic cancer to create organoids, and evaluated their utility in pancreatic cancer research.

Biallelic mutations in ABCB1 display recurrent reversible encephalopathy.

The clinical phenotype linked with mutations in ABCB1, encoding P-glycoprotein, has never been reported. Here, we describe twin sisters with biallelic mutations in ABCB1 who showed recurrent reversible encephalopathy accompanied by acute febrile or afebrile illness. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on one of the twin and her healthy parents, and revealed compound heterozygous loss-of-function variants in ABCB1.

Establishment and characterization of 18 human colorectal cancer cell lines.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third most frequently diagnosed malignancy worldwide and is the second most common cause of tumor-associated mortalities in Korea. Due to the disease's aggressive behavior, the 5-year survival rate for CRC patients remains unpromising. Well-characterized cell lines have been used as a biological model for studying the biology of cancer and developing novel therapeutics.

Establishment and Characterization of 10 Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines Including a HER2 Overexpressed Cell Line.

Objective: The incidence of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) approximates its prevalence, as the malignancy is almost consistently fatal within a year. Although the currently available adjuvant therapy seems to provide survival benefit, it is only moderate, and the standard regimen has not yet been established. Therefore, more biological resources to investigate the PA are needed.

Identification of a Novel Fusion Gene, FAM174A-WWC1, in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: Establishment and Characterization of Four Human Cancer Cell Lines from Early-Onset Colorectal Cancers.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer diagnosed worldwide and represents the second most common cause of all cancer-related deaths in Korea. Although epidemiological data indicate a sharp increase in the incidence of CRC among individuals older than 50 years, more than 10% of CRCs occur before reaching 50. These are known as early-onset CRCs (EOCRCs) and are likely to be suggestive of hereditary predisposition.

Establishment and Characterization of Paired Primary and Peritoneal Seeding Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines: Identification of Genes That Mediate Metastatic Potential.

Peritoneal metastasis is one of the major patterns of unresectability in colorectal cancer (CRC) and a cause of death in advanced CRC. Identification of distinct gene expressions between primary CRC and peritoneal seeding metastasis is to predict the metastatic potential of primary human CRC. Three pairs of primary CRC (SNU-2335A, SNU-2404A, and SNU-2414A) and corresponding peritoneal seeding (SNU-2335D, SNU-2404B, and SNU-2414B) cell lines were established to determine the different gene expressions and resulting aberrated signaling pathways in peritoneal metastasis tumor using whole exome sequencing and microarray.

Identification of genes inducing resistance to ionizing radiation in human rectal cancer cell lines: re-sensitization of radio-resistant rectal cancer cells through down regulating NDRG1.

Background: Resistance to preoperative radiotherapy is a major clinical problem in the treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. The role of NDRG1 in resistance to ionizing radiation in rectal cancer has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the reduced intracellular NDRG1 expression on radio-sensitivity of human rectal cancer cells for exploring novel approaches for treatment of rectal cancer.

Metformin increases chemo-sensitivity via gene downregulation encoding DNA replication proteins in 5-Fu resistant colorectal cancer cells.

Metformin is most widely prescribed for type 2 diabetes. Recently, evidences have shown that metformin has anticancer effects on pancreatic-, colorectal-, ovarian-, and other cancers. Because metformin has less adverse effects and is inexpensive, it could be a useful chemo-therapeutic agent with anticancer effects.

Effect of Shifting from Combination Therapy to Monotherapy of α-Blockers or 5α-Reductase Inhibitors on Prostate Volume and Symptoms in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

Purpose: Combination therapy of α-blockers and 5α-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) is widely used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We aimed to study the effect on prostate volume and symptoms of shifting to monotherapy in patients who previously received a combination therapy.

Materials And Methods: A prospective study was conducted of 60 patients who were diagnosed with BPH.