Medial Rectus Disinsertion for the Management of Large-Angle Sensory Esotropia.

: The aim of the report is to report the outcomes of the medial rectus (MR) disinsertion procedure for the management of large-angle esotropia (ET) patients. : This is a retrospective case series of patients with large-angle ET who underwent an MR disinsertion procedure between March 2012 to April 2022. The procedure happened accidentally during muscle surgery.

Cranial Nerve Palsy and Risk of Kidney Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

Understanding whether cranial nerve palsy (CNP) acts as an independent risk factor for kidney cancer could have important implications for patient care, early detection, and potentially the development of preventive strategies for this type of cancer in individuals with CNP. This study aimed to examine the risk of kidney cancer following the onset of ocular motor CNP and assess whether CNP could be considered an independent risk factor for kidney cancer. A population-based cohort study was conducted using data from the National Sample Cohort (NSC) database of Korea's National Health Insurance Service which was collected from 2010 to 2017.

Electroretinography in congenital nystagmus patients with a normal fundus examination.

Purpose: To identify the ophthalmic causes of congenital nystagmus with normal eye examination by electroretinography (ERG).

Study Design: Retrospective observational study.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients younger than 6 months of age who presented between June 2008 and November 2011 with nystagmus and no other neurological signs following an otherwise normal eye examination.

Sirtuin 3 mutation- induced mitochondrial dysfunction and optic neuropathy: a case report.

Background: Mitochondrial optic neuropathy is characterized by painless, progressive, symmetrical central vision loss, and dyschromatopsia owing to mitochondrial dysfunction. This report documents a rare case of mitochondrial optic neuropathy due to the SIRT3 gene mutation.

Case Presentation: This report describes a case of a 17-year-old boy who presented with symptoms of bilateral painless, progressive vision decline over several years.

Association between migraine and risk of ocular motor cranial nerve palsy.

To assess association between migraines and development of ocular motor cranial nerve palsy (CNP) and finding risk factors using the National Sample Cohort database from the Korea National Health Insurance Service. Data was analyzed from 4,234,341 medical screening examinees aged 20-90 years in 2009. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to the adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for ocular motor CNP according to presence of migraine.

Photographic Assessment of Intermittent Exotropia Using a Translucent Cover.

Purpose: To evaluate the validity of the photographic assessment with a translucent cover that is clinically available for the evaluation of intermittent exotropia.

Methods: Photographs of 270 patients who cooperated for the prism and alternate cover test (PACT) were reviewed. Full-face images were obtained with a digital camera while a translucent cover was placed in front of either eye.

Longitudinal evaluation of visual function and structure for detection of subclinical Ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy.

Purpose: To longitudinally evaluate the visual function and structure of patients taking ethambutol by various modalities and identify useful tests for detection of subclinical ethambutol-induced optic toxicity.

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 84 patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis treated with ethambutol. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), color vision, contrast sensitivity, fundus and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) photography, automated visual field (VF) test, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed: prior to starting; every month during administration, and 1 month after stoppage.

Anomalous Vertical Deviations in Attempted Abduction Occur in the Majority of Patients With Esotropic Duane Syndrome.

Purpose: To describe a phenomenon, depression in attempted abduction, not previously recognized as a feature of Duane syndrome (DS).

Design: Retrospective, observational case series.

Methods: Setting: Institutional practice.

Postoperative changes of intermittent exotropia type as classified by 1-hour monocular occlusion.

Purpose: To evaluate postoperative changes of the intermittent exotropia type as classified by 1-hour monocular occlusion test.

Design: Institutional, retrospective study.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 179 patients who had undergone surgery for intermittent exotropia with a postoperative follow-up of 6 months or more.

Early postoperative changes of motor alignment after surgery for intermittent exotropia.

Purpose: To evaluate the early postoperative changes of the angle of deviation after surgery for intermittent exotropia.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 114 patients who had been surgically treated for intermittent exotropia and followed-up on postoperatively for 1 month or more. Patients were observed at postoperative 6 h, 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month.

Cryopreserved rabbit amniotic membrane alleviated inflammatory response and fibrosis following experimental strabismus surgery in rabbits.

We evaluate the ability of cryopreserved rabbit amniotic membrane (AM) transplantation to reduce postoperative inflammation and the extent of fibrosis following experimental strabismus surgery. Ten white rabbits underwent bilateral superior rectus (SR) muscle resection. In the left eye, the resected SR muscle was wrapped with cryopreserved rabbit AM.

Effect of horizontal rectus surgery for the correction of intermittent exotropia on sub-A or sub-V pattern.

We evaluated effect of horizontal rectus surgery on sub-A or sub-V pattern intermittent exotropia. We enrolled patients with sub-A or sub-V pattern intermittent exotropia. The sub-A pattern was diagnosed when the eyes diverged less than 10 prism diopters (PD) from upgaze to downgaze, and sub-V pattern when the divergence was 14 PD or less from downgaze to upgaze.

Korean Version Self-testing Application for Reading Speed.

Purpose: This study introduces a reading chart application for the iPad tablet in the Korean language and investigates the reading speed in a normal-sighted population according to age group.

Methods: Sixty-three Korean sentences were selected from textbooks for second grade elementary school students. A commonly used typeface in everyday printed material, "BatangChe," was used.

A computerized red glass test for quantifying diplopia.

Background: Accurate evaluation of diplopia during bedside physical examination is challenging. We developed a new computerized red glass test (CRT) to detect, localize, and quantify diplopia and investigated whether the CRT is useful and feasible.

Methods: During the CRT, a white dot randomly appears on a monitor.

Risk factors for consecutive exotropia after esotropia surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate the risk factors in development of postoperative exotropia following bilateral medial rectus (BMR) recession for esotropia.

Methods: 108 patients who underwent BMR recession for esotropia between November 1996 and July 2010 were enrolled. 54 patients who required surgery for consecutive exotropia were compared to 54 controls whose angle of deviation showed less than five prism diopters of esotropia at all periods after BMR recession.

Visual Acuity Testing Using a Random Method Visual Acuity Application.

Background: A visual acuity (VA) testing application for the iPad® (Apple, Cupertino, CA) tablet computer using the mirroring technique was developed that randomly presented letters categorized by cognoscibility. The aim of this study was to assess whether measurements of distance VA using this application were in agreement with existing standard clinical tests of VA in adults with normal vision.

Materials And Methods: Forty-three normally sighted subjects were tested using the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart.

Ocular alignment after bilateral lateral rectus recession in exotropic children with cerebral palsy.

Aims: To compare the surgical outcomes of exotropia patients with cerebral palsy (CP) and controls without CP.

Methods: 30 patients with exotropia and CP and 60 age-matched controls without CP who underwent bilateral lateral rectus (BLR) recession were retrospectively enrolled. All patients underwent BLR recession according to Parks' method.

Effect of tanshinone IIA in an in vitro model of Graves' orbitopathy.

Purpose: We investigated the therapeutic effect of nontoxic concentrations of tanshinone IIA (TanIIA) from Salvia miltiorrhiza in primary cultures of orbital fibroblasts from Graves' orbitopathy (GO).

Methods: The effect of TanIIA on IL-1β-induced proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1) expression was determined by real-time PCR. Antioxidant activity was investigated by measuring intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation stimulated by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression.

Conjunctival mini-flap operation for restrictive strabismus after periocular surgery.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of conjunctival mini-flap operation to treat restrictive strabismus in patients with diplopia caused by conjunctival adhesion and hyperplasia after periocular surgery.

Design: Case series study.

Methods: Eleven patients with diplopia and restrictive strabismus attributable to conjunctival dysplasia after periocular surgery underwent a conjunctival mini-flap surgery without a muscle operation and were followed-up at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery.

Cosmetic regional conjunctivectomy with postoperative mitomycin C application with or without bevacizumab injection.

Purpose: To evaluate the complications of cosmetic wide conjunctivectomy and postoperative topical mitomycin C application with or without bevacizumab injection.

Design: Cross-sectional cohort study.

Methods: Medical records of 1713 consecutive subjects who received cosmetic wide conjunctivectomy plus postoperative topical mitomycin C by a single surgeon at a single center with or without bevacizumab injection from November 2007 to May 2010 were reviewed.

Photophobia measurement in intermittent exotropia using the contrast sensitivity test.

Background: To assess the presence and extent of photophobia in children with intermittent exotropia (X[T]) using the contrast sensitivity test.

Methods: Fifty-eight children with X(T) and 34 normal controls were studied with the functional acuity contrast test. Each participant viewed the stimuli of contrast monocularly and binocularly under photopic and mesopic conditions, performed with and without glare.

Variations in the degree of epiblepharon with changes in position and induction of general anesthesia.

Background: To investigate the changes of epiblepharon by evaluating the severity of epiblepharon before and after induction of general anesthesia.

Methods: Sixty-three pediatric patients (126 eyes) underwent surgery for epiblepharon between April 2008 and September 2008 (35 females, 28 males; average age: 4.74 years).

Power prediction for one-piece and three-piece intraocular lens implantation after cataract surgery in patients with chronic angle-closure glaucoma: a prospective, randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: To assess the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power prediction for cataract surgery in chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG) patients with different IOLs' implantation.

Methods: This prospective randomized clinical trial included 45 eyes with CACG and 48 eyes with normal controls undergoing cataract surgery. In the CACG group, 23 eyes (51%) had three-piece IOL implantation and 22 eyes (49%) had one-piece IOL implantation.

Parent-reported symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with intermittent exotropia before and after strabismus surgery.

Purpose: To investigate the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as reported by parents in children with intermittent exotropia [X(T)] and to determine whether strabismus surgery for X(T) affects ADHD symptoms.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-one consecutive children undergoing muscle surgery for X(T) were prospectively recruited. One parent of each child completed the ADHD rating scale IV (ADHD RS-IV) assessment consecutively before and one year after surgery.