Roles of Cancer Histology Type and HPV Genotype in HPV ctDNA Detection at Baseline in Cervical Cancer: Implications for Tumor Burden Assessment.

Introduction: Human papillomavirus circulating tumor DNA (HPV ctDNA) is a promising biomarker for monitoring cervical cancer. HPV ctDNA level at baseline (before treatment) reflects tumor burden. However, reported HPV ctDNA detection rates at baseline have shown variations across studies, suggesting the existence of other potential contributing factors.

Prognostic Significance of the Immune Microenvironment in Endometrial Cancer.

This study used artificial intelligence (AI)-based analysis to investigate the immune microenvironment in endometrial cancer (EC). We aimed to evaluate the potential of AI-based immune metrics as prognostic biomarkers. In total, 296 cases with EC were classified into 4 molecular subtypes: polymerase epsilon ultramutated (POLEmut), mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd), p53 abnormal (p53abn), and no specific molecular profile (NSMP).

New insights into ATR inhibition in muscle invasive bladder cancer: The role of apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic subunit 3B.

Background: Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide (APOBEC), an endogenous mutator, induces DNA damage and activates the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR)-checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) pathway. Although cisplatin-based therapy is the mainstay for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), it has a poor survival rate. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an ATR inhibitor combined with cisplatin in the treatment of APOBEC catalytic subunit 3B (APOBEC3B) expressing MIBC.

Enhanced Risk Stratification in Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer: Integrating through Droplet Digital PCR and L1CAM.

Aim: In order to enhance risk stratification in early-stage endometrial cancer (EC), we conducted molecular classification using surrogate markers, including the droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) and L1CAM immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Method: We analyzed archival tumor tissue from 183 early-stage EC patients. pathogenic mutations of P286R, V411L, S297F, A456P, and S459F within exons 9, 13, and 14 were detected using a ddPCR, while the mismatch repair (MMR) status was determined by MMR protein IHC and MSI tests.

Effect of total intravenous versus inhalation anesthesia on long-term oncological outcomes in patients undergoing curative resection for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) improves long-term outcomes after cancer surgery compared with inhalation anesthesia. However, its effect on patients undergoing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) surgery remains unclear. We aimed to compare the oncological outcomes of TIVA and inhalation anesthesia after curative resection of early-stage NSCLC.

Transcriptional Profiling Reveals Mesenchymal Subtypes of Small Cell Lung Cancer with Activation of the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Worse Clinical Outcomes.

While molecular subtypes of small cell lung cancers (SCLC) based on neuroendocrine (NE) and non-NE transcriptional regulators have been established, the association between these molecular subtypes and recently recognized SCLC-inflamed (SCLC-I) tumors is less understood. In this study, we used gene expression profiles of SCLC primary tumors and cell lines to discover and characterize SCLC-M (mesenchymal) tumors distinct from SCLC-I tumors for molecular features, clinical outcomes, and cross-species developmental trajectories. SCLC-M tumors show elevated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and YAP1 activity but a low level of anticancer immune activity and worse clinical outcomes than SCLC-I tumors.

The Prognostic Value of Sex-Determining Region Y-Box 2 and CD8+ Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Limited-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) is a transcriptional factor that drives embryonic stem cells to neuroendocrine cells in lung development and is highly expressed in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, the prognostic role of SOX2 and its relationship with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has not been determined in SCLC. Herein, we assessed the expression of SOX2 and CD8+ TILs to obtain insights into the prognostic role of SOX2 and CD8+ TILs in limited-stage (LS)-SCLC.

The implications of clinical risk factors, CAR index, and compositional changes of immune cells on hyperprogressive disease in non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving immunotherapy.

Background: Immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) are characterized by a durable clinical response and better tolerability in patients with a variety of advanced solid tumors. However, we not infrequently encounter patients with hyperprogressive disease (HPD) exhibiting paradoxically accelerated tumor growth with poor clinical outcomes. This study aimed to investigate implications of clinical factors and immune cell composition on different tumor responses to immunotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Phase II study of durvalumab and tremelimumab in pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma: KCSG-LU16-07.

Background: Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) is rare with a poor outcome and is resistant to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. The efficacy and safety of durvalumab and tremelimumab for treating recurrent or metastatic PSCs were assessed by a nonrandomized, open-label, phase II study.

Methods: A total of 18 patients with recurrent or metastatic PSC received 1500 mg of durvalumab and 75 mg of tremelimumab every four weeks, followed by 750 mg of durvalumab every two weeks until the disease progressed, or an unacceptable toxicity level was reached.

Prognostic effects of histology-based tumour microenvironment scores in resected distal bile duct cancer.

Aims: Histology-based tumour microenvironment (TME) scores are useful in predicting the prognosis of gastrointestinal cancer. However, their prognostic roles in distal bile duct cancer (DBDC) have not been previously studied. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of the TME scores using the Klintrup-Mäkinen (KM) grade, tumour stroma percentage (TSP) and the Glasgow microenvironment score (GMS) in resected DBDC.

Evaluation of Two Mutation Tests on Tumor and Plasma from Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Epidermal growth factor receptor () mutation testing is essential for individualized treatment using tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We evaluated two mutation tests, cobas v2 and PANAMutyper, for detection of activating mutations Ex19del, L858R, and T790M in tumor tissue and plasma from 244 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The Kappa coefficient (95% CI) between the tests was 0.

Upfront radiosurgery plus targeted agents followed by active brain control using radiosurgery delays neurological death in non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastasis.

The role of radiosurgery has become further accentuated in the era of targeted agents (TA). Thus, the neurologic outcome of radiosurgery in brain metastasis (BM) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was reviewed. We analyzed 135 patients with BM of NSCLC who were administered Cyberknife radiosurgery (CKRS) as either initial or salvage therapy.

Next generation sequencing can be helpful in histologic diagnosis: A case report of metastatic breast cancer mimicking atypical carcinoid tumor of lung.

Development of molecular technology has led to the expansion of next generation sequencing (NGS) in area of diagnostic pathology. Here we present a case in which a lung tumor, which resembled an atypical carcinoid tumor, was revealed as metastatic breast cancer by next generation sequencing. A 50-year-old female, who had received modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer, presented with a 2.

The effect of antibiotics on the clinical outcomes of patients with solid cancers undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment: a retrospective study.

Background: This study aimed to assess the effect of antibiotics on the clinical outcomes of patients with solid cancers undergoing treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Methods: The medical records of 234 patients treated with ICIs for any type of solid cancer between February 2012 and May 2018 at the Seoul St. Mary's Hospital were retrospectively reviewed.

Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as prognostic factors in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 66 patients with locally advanced NSCLC treated with definitive CCRT. Among these patients, 95% received paclitaxel/carboplatin or docetaxel/cisplatin.

Clinical Characteristics of Clear Cell Ovarian Cancer: A Retrospective Multicenter Experience of 308 Patients in South Korea.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical characteristics and treatment pattern of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) in Korea and the role of adjuvant chemotherapy in early stage.

Materials And Methods: Medical records of 308 cases of from 21 institutions were reviewed and data including age, performance status, endometriosis, thromboembolism, stage, cancer antigen 125, treatment, recurrence, and death were collected.

Results: Regarding stage of OCCC, it was stage I in 194 (63.

Asian Society of Gynecologic Oncology International Workshop 2018.

The Asian Society of Gynecologic Oncology International Workshop 2018 on gynecologic oncology was held in the Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea on the 24th to 25th August 2018. The workshop was an opportunity for Asian doctors to discuss the latest findings of gynecologic cancer, including cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancers, as well as the future of fertility-sparing treatments, minimally invasive/radical/debulking surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Clinical guidelines and position statement of Asian countries were presented by experts.

Impact of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation on Clinical Outcomes of Nintedanib Plus Docetaxel in Patients with Previously Treated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer from the Korean Named Patient Program.

Objectives: Anti-angiogenic agents are reported to exert clinical activity on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant non-small-cell lung cancers. We evaluated the clinical outcomes of nintedanib and docetaxel in refractory NSCLC according to EGFR mutation status during the Korean nintedanib named patient program.

Methods: Docetaxel was administered either 75 or 37.