Deep learning-based fully automatic Risser stage assessment model using abdominal radiographs.

Background: Artificial intelligence has been increasingly used in medical imaging and has demonstrated expert level performance in image classification tasks.

Objective: To develop a fully automatic approach for determining the Risser stage using deep learning on abdominal radiographs.

Materials And Methods: In this multicenter study, 1,681 supine abdominal radiographs (age range, 9-18 years, 50% female) obtained between January 2019 and April 2022 were collected retrospectively from three medical institutions and graded manually using the United States Risser staging system.

Superb Microvascular Imaging in Pediatric Focal Nodular Hyperplasia.

Objective: To investigate superb microvascular imaging (SMI), a novel Doppler ultrasound technique that can visualize low-velocity microvascular flow, for assessing pediatric focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH).

Patients And Methods: Nine FNH lesions in 6 patients were enrolled. On SMI and color Doppler imaging (CDI), intralesional vascularity was assessed visually and categorized as typical spoke-wheel pattern (central vessel radiating from the center to the periphery), multifocal spoke-wheel pattern, and nonspecific pattern.

Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging of the Thymus in Children with Non-Thymic Neoplasms.

To investigate the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) findings and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of the thymus in children under the age of 13 who have non-thymic neoplasms. : From January 2021 to April 2023, a single-center retrospective study analyzed consecutive 191 thoracic MRI scans with DWI from 67 children (<13 years) with non-thymic neoplasms. The scans were categorized based on the presence of restricted diffusion on DWI.

Noninvasive assessment of paediatric hepatic steatosis by using attenuation imaging.

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of attenuation imaging (ATI) with an ultrasound scanner (US) in the detection of paediatric hepatic steatosis.

Methods: Ninety-four prospectively enrolled children were classified into normal weight and overweight/obese (OW/OB) groups according to body mass index (BMI). US findings, including hepatic steatosis grade and ATI value, were examined by two radiologists.

Utilization of a Machine Learning Algorithm for the Application of Ancillary Features to LI-RADS Categories LR3 and LR4 on Gadoxetate Disodium-Enhanced MRI.

Background: This study aimed to identify the important ancillary features (AFs) and determine the utilization of a machine-learning-based strategy for applying AFs for LI-RADS LR3/4 observations on gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed MRI features of LR3/4 determined with only major features. Uni- and multivariate analyses and random forest analysis were performed to identify AFs associated with HCC.

Diagnostic Algorithm Based on Machine Learning to Predict Complicated Appendicitis in Children Using CT, Laboratory, and Clinical Features.

Unlabelled: To establish a diagnostic algorithm for predicting complicated appendicitis in children based on CT and clinical features.

Methods: This retrospective study included 315 children (<18 years old) who were diagnosed with acute appendicitis and underwent appendectomy between January 2014 and December 2018. A decision tree algorithm was used to identify important features associated with the condition and to develop a diagnostic algorithm for predicting complicated appendicitis, including CT and clinical findings in the development cohort ( = 198).

Children and adolescent patients with goiter and normal thyroid function: US findings related to underlying autoimmune thyroid diseases.

This study was conducted to investigate and compare thyroid ultrasonography (US) findings in children and adolescents with goiter and normal thyroid function with positive or negative thyroid autoimmunity. From 2000 to 2020, we reviewed initial thyroid US images in 33 autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) patients and 52 nonAITD patients. Our review of the images focused on thyroid parenchymal hypoechogenicity and heterogeneous echopattern subdivided into 2 groups according to severity: hypoechogenicity 1 and 2 (HO1 and HO2) and heterogeneity 1 and 2 (HE1 and HE2).

Light-triggered photodynamic nanomedicines for overcoming localized therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment.

Photodynamic nanomedicines have significantly enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of photosensitizers (PSs) by overcoming critical limitations of PSs such as poor water solubility and low tumor accumulation. Furthermore, functional photodynamic nanomedicines have enabled overcoming oxygen depletion during photodynamic therapy (PDT) and tissue light penetration limitation by supplying oxygen or upconverting light in targeted tumor tissues, resulting in providing the potential to overcome biological therapeutic barriers of PDT. Nevertheless, their localized therapeutic effects still remain a huddle for the effective treatment of metastatic- or recurrent tumors.

The relationship between ultrasound findings and thyroid function in children and adolescent autoimmune diffuse thyroid diseases.

To evaluate the association between thyroid echogenicity and heterogeneity seen on ultrasonography (US) and thyroid function in pediatric and adolescent populations with autoimmune diffuse thyroid diseases (AITD). From 2000 to 2020, we reviewed thyroid ultrasound (US) images and thyroid function statuses in 133 children and adolescent AITD patients. Our review of the images focused on decreased echogenicity and heterogeneity, which were classified into four grades.

Ileocolic Intussusception Accompanied with Inflamed Appendix: 2 Case Reports.

Intussusception and acute appendicitis are common emergency conditions in children. They should be promptly differentiated in pediatric patients presenting with suggestive symptoms. However, both diseases may occur simultaneously.

Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis Involving the Lung and Brain in a Child: A Case Report.

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LG) is a rare B-cell type angiocentric lymphoproliferative disease that can progress to extranodal lymphoma with high mortality. It most commonly affects the lungs, although extrapulmonary systems, including the brain and skin, can also be involved. LG in pediatric patients has been very rarely reported in the literature with limited imaging features.

Relationship between clinical severity of "new" bronchopulmonary dysplasia and HRCT abnormalities in VLBW infants.

Background: To assess the relationship between HRCT abnormalities and the clinical severity of "new" bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and respiratory assistance in <1500 g preterm infants.

Methods: HRCT was performed at the time of discharge in 109 preterm infants with BPD who were born between 2008 and 2014. BPD severity was defined as mild, moderate, or severe according to the NIH diagnostic criteria.

Psychological Distress and Drawing Tests among Women with Breast Cancer.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of the Diagnostic Drawing Series (DDS) as a screening tool for the breast cancer patients with psychological distress.

Methods: All of 64 patients with breast cancer participated in this study. Patients' depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) when the DDS was applied to the partipicants.

Early US findings of biliary atresia in infants younger than 30 days.

Purpose: To investigate and compare ultrasound (US) findings for the diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA) in infants younger than 30 days with those of infants older than 30 days.

Materials And Methods: From 2000 to 2015, we reviewed hepatobiliary US images in 12 BA infants younger than 30 days (younger BA group) and 62 BA infants older than 30 days (older BA group) before Kasai procedure. Eight (67%) of younger BA group underwent follow-up US examinations before Kasai procedure.

Imaging findings of Alagille syndrome in young infants: differentiation from biliary atresia.

Objective: To compare the imaging findings using ultrasonography, MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), and intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) between Alagille syndrome (AGS) and biliary atresia (BA) in young infants with cholestatic jaundice.

Methods: The institutional review board approved this retrospective study. Ultrasonography (n = 55), MRCP (n = 33), and IOC (n = 22) studies were performed in 55 infants (all younger than 3 months) with AGS (n = 7) and BA (n = 48).

Value of Repeat Brain MRI in Children with Focal Epilepsy and Negative Findings on Initial MRI.

Objective: To evaluate the value of repeat brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in identifying potential epileptogenic lesions in children with initial MRI-negative focal epilepsy.

Materials And Methods: Our Institutional Review Board approved this retrospective study and waived the requirement for informed consent. During a 15-year period, 257 children (148 boys and 109 girls) with initial MRI-negative focal epilepsy were included.

Congenital Adrenal Neuroblastoma With and Without Cystic Change: Differentiating Features With an Emphasis on the of Value of Ultrasound.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the features of congenital adrenal neuroblastomas with and without cystic changes and to emphasize the value of ultrasound in the diagnostic evaluation of cystic congenital adrenal neuroblastoma.

Materials And Methods: A total of 41 patients with surgically confirmed congenital adrenal neuroblastoma were enrolled. We divided the patients into two groups according to presence or absence of cystic change in the tumor, as determined from the initial ultrasound findings.

Incremental Value of MR Cholangiopancreatography in Diagnosis of Biliary Atresia.

Purpose: To evaluate the incremental value of a combination of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and ultrasonography (US), compared to US alone, for diagnosing biliary atresia (BA) in neonates and young infants with cholestasis.

Materials And Methods: The institutional review board approved this retrospective study. The US and MRCP studies were both performed on 64 neonates and young infants with BA (n = 41) or without BA (non-BA) (n = 23).

Fontan-associated liver disease: Spectrum of US findings.

Purpose: To describe ultrasonography (US) findings of Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD) and to determine whether screening US examinations can identify FALD before biochemical hepatic dysfunction.

Methods: This retrospective study included 55 patients who underwent Fontan procedure over a 20-year period. Hepatobiliary US findings (n=55), CT or MRI findings (n=19), biochemical hepatic function tests (n=49), and histopathological results (n=4) were analyzed.

Alagille Syndrome Candidates for Liver Transplantation: Differentiation from End-Stage Biliary Atresia Using Preoperative CT.

Purpose: To compare preoperative CT findings before liver transplantation between patients with Alagille syndrome (AGS) and those with end-stage biliary atresia (BA).

Materials And Methods: The institutional review board approved this retrospective study. Eleven children with AGS (median age, 19.

Suppression of IL-2 production and proliferation of CD4(+) T cells by tuberostemonine O.

Tuberostemonine stereoisomers are natural alkaloids found in Stemona tuberosa, that are known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-infective properties. Tuberostemonine alkaloids inhibit inflammation by suppressing the expression of inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase and nitric oxide synthase. However, the direct immunomodulatory properties of tuberostemonine alkaloids in T cells have not been elucidated so far.

Does chemotherapy really affect the quality of life of women with breast cancer?

Purpose: The aims of this cross-sectional study were to explore and evaluate the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on quality of life in breast cancer patients according to the survival time from surgery.

Methods: Completed questionnaires were collected from 534 women with breast cancer. Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics were reviewed and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast cancer instrument, global quality of life, Beck Depression Inventory, and unmet sexuality needs were administered.

Unmet Needs and Their Relationship with Quality of Life among Women with Recurrent Breast Cancer.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and the effects of unmet needs on quality of life (QOL) among recurrent breast cancer survivors.

Methods: Completed questionnaires were collected from 52 women with recurrent breast cancer. Clinical and socio-demographic characteristics were reviewed, and the Supportive Care Needs Survey, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast Cancer Instrument, and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered.

Transcatheter arterial embolisation for the management of obstetric haemorrhage associated with placental abnormality in 40 cases.

Objective: To evaluate pelvic artery embolisation (PAE) in the emergency management of intractable postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) associated with placenta accreta (PA).

Methods: Forty such patients (PAE for PPH/PA) were retrospectively reviewed. Medical records were reviewed regarding the delivery and PAE procedure.