Singapore's Anopheles sinensis Form A is susceptible to Plasmodium vivax isolates from the western Thailand-Myanmar border.

Background: Singapore has been certified malaria-free by the World Health Organization since November 1982. However, sporadic autochthonous malaria outbreaks do occur. In one of the most recent outbreaks of vivax malaria, an entomological investigation identified Anopheles sinensis as the most probable vector.

DNA barcoding: complementing morphological identification of mosquito species in Singapore.

Background: Taxonomy that utilizes morphological characteristics has been the gold standard method to identify mosquito species. However, morphological identification is challenging when the expertise is limited and external characters are damaged because of improper specimen handling. Therefore, we explored the applicability of mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene-based DNA barcoding as an alternative tool to identify mosquito species.

Mosquito fauna of Ubin Island, Singapore.

We report the mosquito species and their distribution records for Ubin Island, Singapore, based on our field collections in February 2010, routine adult and larval surveys from 1993 to 2009 by Singapore operational officers, and accessioned specimens deposited in the Environmental Health Institute, Singapore, and the US National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC. A total of 25 species and 6 unidentified species belonging to 9 genera (Aedes, Anopheles, Armigeres, Coquillettidia, Culex, Lutzia, Mansonia, Uranotaenia, and Verrallina) were identified and recorded from Ubin Island, based on specimens collected from 1993 to 2010.

Entomological investigation and control of a chikungunya cluster in Singapore.

In August 2008, a team from the National Environmental Agency conducted an entomological investigation of a chikungunya cluster in Singapore, with the primary aim of identifying the vector responsible for the outbreak and to assess the vector control operation. A total of 173 adult mosquitoes were caught using both the sweep-net method and the BG Sentinel Traps in and around the affected workers' quarters. Of these, 120 (69.

Entomologic and molecular investigation into Plasmodium vivax transmission in Singapore, 2009.

Background: Singapore has been certified malaria free since November 1982 by the World Health Organization and despite occasional local transmission, the country has maintained the standing. In 2009, three clusters of malaria cases were reported in Singapore.

Methods: Epidemiological, entomological and molecular studies were carried out to investigate the three clusters, namely Mandai-Sungei Kadut, Jurong Island and Sembawang.