Orthoses versus gait retraining: Immediate response in improving physical performance measures in healthy and medial knee osteoarthritic adults.

The conservative techniques of treating knee osteoarthritis (kOA) include wearing orthoses such as knee braces and laterally wedged insoles and applying gait modification techniques such as toe-in gait and toe-out gait. This study aimed at assessing the immediate effects of these techniques in improving physical function of healthy and kOA participants. Five Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) recommended performance-based tests were randomly applied to measure physical function: (1) 30-second chair stand test (30CST), (2) 40-m (4 × 10) fast-paced walk test (40FPW), (3) stair climb test (SCT), (4) timed up and go test (TUGT) and (5) 6-minute walk test (6MWT) during a single-visit on 20 healthy and 20 kOA patients (age: 59.

Effects of simple knee sleeves on pain and knee adduction moment in early unilateral knee osteoarthritis.

Knee sleeves are often prescribed to alleviate pain in people with early knee osteoarthritis. However, the biomechanics underlying their pain-relieving effect are still not well understood. This pre-post study aims at evaluating and comparing the effects of two different types of knee sleeves on knee adduction moment.

The effects of toe-out and toe-in postures on static & dynamic balance, risk of fall and TUG score in healthy adults.

Background: Toe-in and toe-out foot positions have not yet been tested for dynamic balance and risk of fall. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of these two modifications on static and dynamic postural stability and risk of fall through instrumental (Biodex Balance System) and functional (timed up and go-TUG test) tools.

Methodology: Twenty healthy adults (8 males, 12 females, age: 29±4.

Footwear Affects Biomechanical Work And Knee Adduction Moment During Stance Phase In Medial Knee Osteoarthritic Male Pakistani Adults.

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the effects of commonly used footwear in urban Pakistan on knee adduction moment (KAM), knee adduction angular impulse (KAAI) and biomechanical work at lower limb joints (both individually and collectively).

Methodology: Cinematographic gait analysis of 20 medial knee osteoarthritis patients (Kellgren-Lawrence Grade I and II, age: 55.48 ± 5.

Combined effects of knee brace, laterally wedged insoles, and toe-out gait on knee adduction moment and fall risk in moderate medial knee osteoarthritis patients.

Background:: Knee osteoarthritis is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. There is a need of reducing knee joint load and to improve balance and physical function among knee osteoarthritis patients.

Objectives:: To test the hypothesis that toe-out gait will reduce second peak knee adduction moment further and increase fall risk when combined with knee brace and laterally wedged insole in knee osteoarthritis patients.

Combined effects of knee brace, laterally wedged insoles and toe-in gait on knee adduction moment and balance in moderate medial knee osteoarthritis patients.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that toe-in gait (TI) will further reduce first peak (Knee Adduction Moment) KAM and decrease balance when combined with a knee brace (KB) and laterally wedged insoles (LWI) in medial knee osteoarthritis (kOA) patients.

Participants: Twenty patients with bilateral symptomatic medial kOA.

Interventions: 4-point leverage-based KB, full-length LWI with 5° inclination and toe-in gait (TI).

Effects of different foot progression angles and platform settings on postural stability and fall risk in healthy and medial knee osteoarthritic adults.

This study aims to investigate the effects of varying toe angles at different platform settings on Overall Stability Index of postural stability and fall risk using Biodex Balance System in healthy participants and medial knee osteoarthritis patients. Biodex Balance System was employed to measure postural stability and fall risk at different foot progression angles (ranging from -20° to 40°, with 10° increments) on 20 healthy (control group) and 20 knee osteoarthritis patients (osteoarthritis group) randomly (age: 59.50 ± 7.

Effects of toe-out and toe-in gait with varying walking speeds on knee joint mechanics and lower limb energetics.

Toe-out/-in gait has been prescribed in reducing knee joint load to medial knee osteoarthritis patients. This study focused on the effects of toe-out/-in at different walking speeds on first peak knee adduction moment (fKAM), second peak KAM (sKAM), knee adduction angular impulse (KAAI), net mechanical work by lower limb as well as joint-level contribution to the total limb work during level walking. Gait analysis of 20 healthy young adults was done walking at pre-defined normal (1.