Aspirin vs Clopidogrel for Long-term Maintenance After Coronary Stenting in Patients With Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of the HOST-EXAM Trial.

Importance: Selecting the optimal antiplatelet agent in patients who have received percutaneous coronary intervention is especially important in those with diabetes due to the heightened risk of ischemic events in this population. Studies on the efficacy and safety of clopidogrel vs aspirin for long-term maintenance after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with diabetes are lacking.

Objective: To investigate cardiovascular outcomes with clopidogrel vs aspirin in patients with and without diabetes.

Multi-ancestry genome-wide study in >2.5 million individuals reveals heterogeneity in mechanistic pathways of type 2 diabetes and complications.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes. To characterise the genetic contribution to these processes across ancestry groups, we aggregate genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from 2,535,601 individuals (39.7% non-European ancestry), including 428,452 T2D cases.

Different effects of low muscle mass on the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatic fibrosis in a prospective cohort.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and sarcopenia share insulin resistance as a common pathophysiology and have overlapping clinical manifestation of metabolic derangement; hence, it is difficult to differentiate the independent effect of sarcopenia on the development of NAFLD from concomitant metabolic disorders. Using a community-based prospective cohort study, the contributions of low muscle mass and genetic risk factors to the development of NAFLD and NAFLD-related hepatic fibrosis were investigated in the Korean population.

Methods: This prospective community-based cohort study included 40-70-year-old adults, followed up biennially from 2001-2002 to 2017-2018.

Multi-ancestry genetic study of type 2 diabetes highlights the power of diverse populations for discovery and translation.

We assembled an ancestrally diverse collection of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in 180,834 affected individuals and 1,159,055 controls (48.9% non-European descent) through the Diabetes Meta-Analysis of Trans-Ethnic association studies (DIAMANTE) Consortium. Multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis identified 237 loci attaining stringent genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10), which were delineated to 338 distinct association signals.

Long-Term Effect of PNPLA3 on the Aggravation of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Biopsy-Proven Cohort.

The PNPLA3 rs738409 G allele increases the risk of not only nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) but also nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or fibrosis. It also affects the prognosis of patients with NAFLD in specific conditions. After liver transplantation, patients with NAFLD carrying the rs738409 GG genotype have a higher risk of graft steatosis or development of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Identification of candidate gene variants of monogenic diabetes using targeted panel sequencing in early onset diabetes patients.

Introduction: Monogenic diabetes is attributed to genetic variations in a single gene. Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is the most common phenotype associated with monogenic diabetes, but is frequently misdiagnosed as either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Increasing our basic understanding of genetic variations in MODY may help to improve the accuracy of providing the correct diagnosis and personalize subsequent treatment regimens in different racial populations.

Identification of type 2 diabetes loci in 433,540 East Asian individuals.

Meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 240 loci that are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, most of these loci have been identified in analyses of individuals with European ancestry. Here, to examine T2D risk in East Asian individuals, we carried out a meta-analysis of GWAS data from 77,418 individuals with T2D and 356,122 healthy control individuals. In the main analysis, we identified 301 distinct association signals at 183 loci, and across T2D association models with and without consideration of body mass index and sex, we identified 61 loci that are newly implicated in predisposition to T2D.

Erratum: Sequence data and association statistics from 12,940 type 2 diabetes cases and controls.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2017.

Sequence data and association statistics from 12,940 type 2 diabetes cases and controls.

To investigate the genetic basis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) to high resolution, the GoT2D and T2D-GENES consortia catalogued variation from whole-genome sequencing of 2,657 European individuals and exome sequencing of 12,940 individuals of multiple ancestries. Over 27M SNPs, indels, and structural variants were identified, including 99% of low-frequency (minor allele frequency [MAF] 0.1-5%) non-coding variants in the whole-genome sequenced individuals and 99.

Vildagliptin reduces plasma stromal cell-derived factor-1α in patients with type 2 diabetes compared with glimepiride.

Aims/introduction: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors might have pleiotropic protective effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD), in contrast to sulfonylureas. Therefore, we compared various CVD risk factors between vildagliptin and glimepiride.

Materials And Methods: We carried out a randomized, prospective and crossover trial.

The genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes.

The genetic architecture of common traits, including the number, frequency, and effect sizes of inherited variants that contribute to individual risk, has been long debated. Genome-wide association studies have identified scores of common variants associated with type 2 diabetes, but in aggregate, these explain only a fraction of the heritability of this disease. Here, to test the hypothesis that lower-frequency variants explain much of the remainder, the GoT2D and T2D-GENES consortia performed whole-genome sequencing in 2,657 European individuals with and without diabetes, and exome sequencing in 12,940 individuals from five ancestry groups.

Obesity-induced DNA hypermethylation of the adiponectin gene mediates insulin resistance.

Adiponectin plays a key role in the regulation of the whole-body energy homeostasis by modulating glucose and lipid metabolism. Although obesity-induced reduction of adiponectin expression is primarily ascribed to a transcriptional regulation failure, the underlying mechanisms are largely undefined. Here we show that DNA hypermethylation of a particular region of the adiponectin promoter suppresses adiponectin expression through epigenetic control and, in turn, exacerbates metabolic diseases in obesity.

Assessment of diabetic polyneuropathy and autonomic neuropathy using current perception threshold in korean patients with diabetes mellitus.

Background: The current perception threshold (CPT) could be quantified by stimulating Aβ and C fibers at 2,000 and 5 Hz, respectively. C fibers play a role in the autonomic nervous system and are involved in temperature and pain sensation. We evaluated the usefulness of CPT for diagnosing distal polyneuropathy (DPN) and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in diabetic patients.