Novel Cystic Fibrosis Ferret Model Enables Visualization of CFTR Expression Cells and Genetic CFTR Reactivation.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the (). While gene therapy holds promise as a cure, the cell-type-specific heterogeneity of expression in the lung presents significant challenges. Current CF ferret models closely replicate the human disease phenotype but have limitations in studying functional complementation through cell-type-specific CFTR restoration.

Effects of maximum dose on local control after stereotactic body radiotherapy for oligometastatic tumors of colorectal cancer.

This study aimed to identify radiotherapy dosimetric parameters related to local failure (LF)-free survival (LFFS) in patients with lung and liver oligometastases from colorectal cancer treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). We analyzed 75 oligometastatic lesions in 55 patients treated with SBRT between January 2014 and December 2021. There was no constraint or intentional increase in maximum dose.

Amplifying mutational profiling of extracellular vesicle mRNA with SCOPE.

Sequencing of messenger RNA (mRNA) found in extracellular vesicles (EVs) in liquid biopsies can provide clinical information such as somatic mutations, resistance profiles and tumor recurrence. Despite this, EV mRNA remains underused due to its low abundance in liquid biopsies, and large sample volumes or specialized techniques for analysis are required. Here we introduce Self-amplified and CRISPR-aided Operation to Profile EVs (SCOPE), a platform for EV mRNA detection.

N6-methyladenosine modification of a parvovirus-encoded small noncoding RNA facilitates viral DNA replication through recruiting Y-family DNA polymerases.

Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is a human parvovirus that causes lower respiratory tract infections in young children. It contains a single-stranded (ss) DNA genome of ~5.5 kb that encodes a small noncoding RNA of 140 nucleotides known as bocavirus-encoded small RNA (BocaSR), in addition to viral proteins.

Effects of a self-managed return to work intervention for colorectal cancer survivors: A prospective randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: The present study aims to assess the efficacy of stage-matched, self-managed Return to Work (RTW) interventions in enhancing RTW outcomes among colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors.

Methods: This trial, conducted in South Korea, enrolled 58 unemployed survivors of colorectal cancer. Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group.

In utero and postnatal ivacaftor/lumacaftor therapy rescues multiorgan disease in CFTR-F508del ferrets.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, with F508del being the most prevalent mutation. The combination of CFTR modulators (potentiator and correctors) has provided benefit to CF patients carrying the F508del mutation; however, the safety and effectiveness of in utero combination modulator therapy remains unclear. We created a F508del ferret model to test whether ivacaftor/lumacaftor (VX-770/VX-809) therapy can rescue in utero and postnatal pathologies associated with CF.

Surgical quality assessment for the prospective study of oncologic outcomes after laparoscopic modified complete mesocolic excision for nonmetastatic right colon cancer (PIONEER study).

Background: The modified complete mesocolic excision (mCME) procedure for right-sided colon cancer is a tailored approach based on the original complete mesocolic excision (CME) methodology. Limited studies evaluated the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic mCME using objective surgical quality assessments in patients with right colon cancer. The objectives of the PIONEER study were to evaluate oncologic outcomes after laparoscopic mCME and to identify optimal clinically relevant endpoints and values for standardizing laparoscopic right colon cancer surgery based on short-term outcomes of procedures performed by expert laparoscopic surgeons.

Long-term Complications of Laparoscopic or Robotic Lateral Pelvic Node Dissection After Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer.

Background: Patients with rectal cancer who underwent lateral pelvic node dissection might be at a higher risk of postoperative complications derived from technical complexity. However, little is known regarding the long-term complications after lateral pelvic node dissection.

Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the long-term complications of preoperative chemoradiotherapy, followed by total mesorectal excision with lateral pelvic node dissection for locally advanced rectal cancers.

Comparison of the efficacy and safety of single-port versus multi-port robotic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: A propensity score-matched analysis.

Background: It is unknown whether the da Vinci single-port system performs similarly to the previous multi-port system during complicated procedures, such as rectal cancer surgery. Therefore, we compared the short-term clinical outcomes of single-port and multi-port robotic total mesorectal excision for the treatment of rectal cancer.

Methods: This retrospective study reviewed 128 patients who underwent robotic total mesorectal excision between July 2020 and June 2022, of whom 84 (42 each: single-port versus multi-port) were included in the propensity score-matched cohort.

Identification of host essential factors for recombinant AAV transduction of the polarized human airway epithelium.

The essential steps of successful gene delivery by recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) include vector internalization, intracellular trafficking, nuclear import, uncoating, double-stranded (ds)DNA conversion, and transgene expression. rAAV2.5T has a chimeric capsid of AAV2 VP1u and AAV5 VP2 and VP3 with the mutation A581T.

Sequential Lateral Lymphatic Metastasis Shows Similar Oncologic Outcomes to Upward Spread in Advanced Rectal Cancer After Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy.

Background: Whether lateral pelvic node metastasis should be considered as a regional or systemic disease is a long-standing debate. Although previous Japanese studies have considered it to be locoregional disease, Western countries consider it a systemic disease and do not perform lateral pelvic node dissection after preoperative chemoradiotherapy.

Objective: To evaluate whether lateral pelvic node metastasis is a systemic or regional disease that is amenable to curative resection.

Preoperative sequential short-course radiation therapy and FOLFOX chemotherapy versus long-course chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: a multicenter, randomized controlled trial (SOLAR trial).

Background: Preoperative (chemo)radiotherapy has been widely used as an effective treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), leading to a significant reduction in pelvic recurrence rates. Because early administration of intensive chemotherapy for LARC has more advantages than adjuvant chemotherapy, total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) has been introduced and evaluated to determine whether it can improve tumor response or treatment outcomes. This study aims to investigate whether short-course radiotherapy (SCRT) followed by intensive chemotherapy improves oncologic outcomes compared with traditional preoperative long-course chemoradiotherapy (CRT).

Identification of Host Restriction Factors Critical for Recombinant AAV Transduction of Polarized Human Airway Epithelium.

Unlabelled: Recombinant (r)AAV2.5T was selected from the directed evolution of an AAV capsid library in human airway epithelium (HAE). The capsid gene of rAAV2.

Single-port multiport robotic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: initial experiences by case-matched analysis of short-term outcomes.

Purpose: The da Vinci single-port (SP) system has been used in various surgical fields, including colorectal surgery. However, limited experience has been reported on its safety and feasibility. This study aims to evaluate the short-term outcomes of SP robotic surgery for the treatment of rectal cancer compared with multiport (MP) robotic surgery.

Short-term outcomes of Early versus conventional adjuvant chemotherapy in stage III colon cancer: randomized clinical trial.

Background: Evidence is lacking regarding the earliest timing of initiating adjuvant chemotherapy to maximize its efficacy safely. A trial was designed and conducted to evaluate the safety and oncological efficacy of early adjuvant chemotherapy compared with conventional adjuvant chemotherapy. The short-term outcomes are reported here.

Single-Port Robotic Intersphincteric Resection for the Treatment of Rectal Cancer.

Background: The da Vinci Single-port (SP) system is designed to facilitate single-incision robotic surgery in a narrow space. We developed a new procedure of intersphincteric resection (ISR) using the SP platform and evaluated the technical safety and feasibility of this procedure for the treatment of very low rectal cancer.

Materials And Methods: Eleven rectal cancer patients who underwent SP robotic ISR between August 2020 and July 2021 were included.

Robotic and laparoscopic salvage lateral pelvic node dissection for the treatment of recurrent rectal cancer.

Background: The lateral pelvic sidewall is a major site of local recurrence after radical resection of rectal cancer. Salvage lateral pelvic node dissection (LPND) may be the only way to eliminate recurrent lateral pelvic nodes (LPNs). This study aimed to describe the technical details of robotic and laparoscopic salvage LPND and assess the short-term clinical and oncological outcomes in patients with recurrent LPNs who underwent salvage LPND by a minimally invasive approach for curative intent.

Mutations as a Prognostic Factor in Patients With Residual Rectal Cancer After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy.

Background/aim: PIK3CA mediates various cellular processes, such as transformation, tumor initiation and proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis. This study was conducted to identify the clinical significance and prognostic effect of PIK3CA mutations in patients with residual rectal cancer who underwent surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT).

Patients And Methods: Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded surgical specimens were collected from 128 patients between January 2006 and December 2011 and analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction for hotspot mutations in exons 9 and 20 of the PIK3CA gene.

Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with aortocaval lymphadenectomy, and pelvic peritoneum partial resection for ascending colon cancer.

The aim of this video is to present the procedural details of laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with aortocaval (infrarenal aortic bifurcation) lymphadenectomy, partial resection of the pelvic peritoneum (peritoneal carcinomatosis index, 3), and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in a patient who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy for stage IVc colorectal cancer. The total operation time was 290 minutes, and the patient was discharged on a postoperative day 13 without any complications. No postoperative complications occurred until postoperative day 60.

Comparison of Laparoscopic Versus Robot-Assisted Surgery for Rectal Cancers: The COLRAR Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To evaluate whether robotic for middle or low rectal cancer produces an improvement in surgical outcomes compared with laparoscopic surgery in a randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Background: There is a lack of proven clinical benefit of robotic total mesorectal excision (TME) compared with a laparoscopic approach in the setting of multicenter RCTs.

Methods: Between July 2011 and February 2016, patients diagnosed with an adenocarcinoma located <10 cm from the anal verge and clinically rated T1-4aNxM0 were enrolled.