Extract of Moutan radicis cortex and Cinnamomi ramulus ameliorates laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in Brown-Norway rats.

Background: Moutan radicis cortex (MRC) and Cinnamomi ramulus (CR) are commonly used in eastern Asian traditional medicine to treat various diseases including cerebrovascular and cardiovascular, and have wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. However, the effect against laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) of extract of MRC and CR (1:1) (MRCCR) has not yet been studied.

Purpose: Our aim was to investigate the inhibitory effect of MRCCR on pathological CNV in laser-treated Brown-Norway (BN) rats.

Evaluation of oral toxicity and genotoxicity of Achyranthis Radix extract.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The root of Achyranthes bidentata Blume, Achyranthis Radix (AR), is used as a traditional medicine ingredient in East Asia. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-diabetic activities.

Aim Of The Study: In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the oral toxicity and genotoxicity of single-dose and 4-week repeated-doses of AR hot water extract (ARE), under the good laboratory practice principles.

Toxicological effects of urban particulate matter on corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells.

Exposure to urban particulate matter (UPM) is a high-risk factor for various ocular surface diseases, including dry eye syndrome. However, the effects of UPM on corneal and conjunctival epithelium damage have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the toxicological effects of UPM exposure at high concentrations by using in vitro cultures.

New application for assessment of dry eye syndrome induced by particulate matter exposure.

Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a multifactorial condition characterized by insufficient tear lubrication and eye irritation. Air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), are an emerging threat to human health causing DES and other diseases. However, the pathogenic mechanisms of DES induced by PM exposure remain to be fully elucidated.

Yuzu and Hesperidin Ameliorate Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption during Hypoxia via Antioxidant Activity.

Yuzu and its main component, hesperidin (HSP), have several health benefits owing to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We examined the effects of yuzu and HSP on blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction during ischemia/hypoxia in an in vivo animal model and an in vitro BBB endothelial cell model, and also investigated the underlying mechanisms. In an in vitro BBB endothelial cell model, BBB permeability was determined by measurement of Evans blue extravasation in vivo and in vitro.

Topical Application of Extract Attenuates Dry Eye Syndrome Induced by Particulate Matter.

Particulate matter (PM) is a type of air pollutant that poses a risk to human health. In the ocular system, PM causes or aggravates dry eye syndrome (DES) by damaging the corneal and conjunctival epithelia. has been used traditionally as an expectorant, antitussive agent, and tonic in Korea.

Polydatin Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome in Dry Eye Disease by Attenuating Oxidative Stress and Inhibiting the NF-κB Pathway.

Polydatin (also named pieceid, (E)-piceid, (E)-polydatin, trans-polydatin, or 3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene-3-b-D-glucoside) is a monocrystalline compound isolated from the root and rhizome of Sieb. et Zucc. (Polygonaceae).

Extract Improves Urban Particulate Matter-Induced Dry Eye Disease.

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease that severely impairs patients' quality of life. Particulate matter comprises a harmful mixture of particles less than 10 μm in size, which on contact with the eye, causes inflammation in the cornea/conjunctival epithelium, threatening eye health and triggering the onset of DED. is an ingredient of traditional medicine generally used for treating osteoporosis, trauma, and thrombosis in Asian countries.

extract lowers postprandial glucose in normoglycemic and high-fat-diet-induced obese mice.

The extract (ASKO) is a newly developed dietary herbal supplement. In this study, the potent blood glucose-lowering activity of ASKO in vitro and in vivo was investigated. In an in vitro glucose uptake assay, ASKO was found to enhance glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Apricot Kernel Extract and Amygdalin Inhibit Urban Particulate Matter-Induced Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca.

Exposure to particulate matter is a risk factor for various ocular surface diseases, including keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). In this study, we investigated the protective effects of apricot kernel extract (AKE) and its bioactive compound, amygdalin, on KCS induced by exposure to urban particulate matter (UPM). In the in vivo experiments, eye drops containing 0.

extract improves impaired skin wound healing during hyperglycemia.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common diseases found across the world. extract (AKE) has a protective effect on diabetic complications such as diabetic retinopathy. However, the effects of AKE on hyperglycemia-linked impairment of wound healing during DM have not been elucidated.

Carrier-free nanoparticles of cathepsin B-cleavable peptide-conjugated doxorubicin prodrug for cancer targeting therapy.

Cancer nanomedicine using nanoparticle-based delivery systems has shown outstanding promise in recent decades for improving anticancer treatment. However, limited targeting efficiency, low drug loading efficiency and innate toxicity of nanoparticles have caused severe problems, leaving only a few available in the clinic. Here, we newly developed carrier-free nanoparticles of cathepsin B-cleavable peptide (Phe-Arg-Arg-Gly; FRRG)-conjugated doxorubicin (DOX) prodrug (FRRG-DOX) that formed a stable nanoparticle structure with an average diameter of 213 nm in aqueous condition.

The Protective Effect of (PCE) Aqueous Extract in a Dry Eye Model.

Dry eyes are caused by highly increased osmolarity of tear film, inflammation, and apoptosis of the ocular surface. In this study, we investigated the effect of (PCE) aqueous extract in in vivo and in vitro dry eye models. Dry eye was induced by excision of the lacrimal gland and hyperosmotic media.

The effects of gentamicin and penicillin/streptomycin on the electrophysiology of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in manual patch clamp and multi-electrode array system.

Introduction: Cell culture media usually contains antibiotics including gentamicin or penicillin/streptomycin (PS) to protect cells from bacterial contamination. However, little is known about the effects of antibiotics on action potential and field potential parameters in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs).

Methods: The present study examined the effects of gentamicin (10, 25, and 50μg/ml) and PS (50, 100, and 200U/μg/ml) on electrophysiological activity in spontaneously beating hiPSC-CMs using manual patch clamp and multi-electrode array.

The assessment of electrophysiological activity in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes exposed to dimethyl sulfoxide and ethanol by manual patch clamp and multi-electrode array system.

Introduction: Recently, electrophysiological activity has been effectively measured in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) to predict drug-induced arrhythmia. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethanol have been used as diluting agents in many experiments. However, the maximum DMSO and ethanol concentrations that can be effectively used in the measurement of electrophysiological parameters in hiPSC-CMs-based patch clamp and multi-electrode array (MEA) have not been fully elucidated.

Hypoxia induces FoxO3a-mediated dysfunction of blood-brain barrier.

The Forkhead box O 3a (FoxO3a), a transcription factor, is known to be involve in change of endothelial permeability. During hypoxia, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability is increased through degradation of vascular endothelium cadherin (VE-cadherin) and clsudin-5. The hypoxia also increased mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3/9 and promoted translocation of FoxO3a into nucleus in endothelial cells.

Onion (Allium cepa) extract attenuates brain edema.

Objective: This study investigated the potential beneficial effects of onion extract on brain ischemia-induced edema and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. The possible underlying mechanisms are investigated, especially those linked to the antioxidant effects of the onion extract.

Methods: Brain ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h followed by reperfusion in mice.