Quantitative CT lung volumetry and densitometry in pediatric pectus excavatum.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quantitative computed tomography (CT) volumetry and densitometry and in pediatric patients with pectus excavatum (PE). We measured pectus index (PI) and separated inspiratory and expiratory lung volumes and densities. We obtained the total lung volume (TLV) and mean lung density (MLD) during inspiration and expiration, and the ratio of end expiratory to inspiratory volume (E/I volume) and MLD (E/I density) were calculated.

Comparison of Bone Agesin Early Puberty: Computerized Greulich-Pyle Based Bone Age vs. Sauvegrain Method.

Purpose: To compare the computerized Greulich-Pyle based bone age with elbow bone age.

Materials And Methods: A total of 2126 patients (1525 girls; 601 boys) whose elbow bone age was within the evaluable range by the Sauvegrain method, and who simultaneously underwent hand radiography, were enrolled in the study. The 1st-bone age and VUNO score of the hand were evaluated using VUNOMed-BoneAge software.

Quantitative CT lung densitometry as an obstructive marker for the diagnosis of bronchiolitis obliterans in children.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quantitative diagnostic performance of computed tomography (CT) densitometry in pediatric patients with bronchiolitis obliterans (BO). We measured the mean lung density (MLD) and represented the difference of MLD in inspiratory and expiratory phases (MLDD), the ratio of the MLD (E/I MLD), and the relative volume percentage of lung density at 50-Hounsfield unit (HU) interval threshold (E600 to E950). We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of the lung density indices for the diagnosis of BO.

Extramedullary Infiltration in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia on Surveillance Magnetic Resonance Imaging and its Relationship With Established Risk Factors.

Purpose: Extramedullary infiltration (EMI) is a rare condition defined by the accumulation of myeloid tumor cells beyond the bone marrow. The clinical significance is still controversial. This study was aimed to evaluate the incidence, characteristics, and prognostic significance of EMI on complete magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigation in newly diagnosed pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients who are asymptomatic without clinical evidence to suspect EMI.

Enlarged subarachnoid space on cranial ultrasound in preterm infants: Neurodevelopmental implication.

The role of enlarged subarachnoid space (ESS) in preterm infants has not been described in concrete. We aimed to evaluate whether ESS should be considered a risk factor potentially associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in prematurity. Electronic medical records of 197 preterm infants (median 32.

Prognostic Role of Postinduction Minimal Residual Disease and Myeloid Sarcoma Type Extramedullary Involvement in Pediatric RUNX1-RUNX1T1 (+) Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia with the t(8;21)(q22;q22) rearrangement (RUNX1-RUNX1T1 (+) AML) is known to have a favorable prognosis. Our study aimed to determine the most important prognostic variables among an aggregate of clinical, genetic, and treatment response-based factors in pediatric RUNX1-RUNX1T1 (+) AML.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed the characteristics and outcome of 40 patients who were diagnosed with and treated for RUNX1-RUNX1T1 (+) AML from April 2008 to December 2016 at our institution.

Comparison of 3T diffusion-weighted MRI and F-FDG PET/CT in musculoskeletal tumours: quantitative analysis of apparent diffusion coefficients and standardized uptake values.

Objective: To determine whether the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) on 3T MR imaging including diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) correlate with the standardized uptake value (SUV) on 18F-FDG PET/CT in musculoskeletal tumours.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 57 patients (36 males, 21 females, mean age 54 years, range 12-90 years) with pathologically confirmed soft tissue ( = 32) and bone ( = 25) tumours who underwent 3T MR imaging including DWI and whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT before treatment. 14 patients had follow-up MR imaging and 18F-FDG PET/CT after treatment.

Contribution of Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Ultrasound for the Evaluation of Fetal Central Nervous System Anomalies.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contributes to ultrasound for the evaluation of fetal central nervous system (CNS) anomalies. The secondary objective was to investigate whether MRI adds more information regarding the evaluation of specific pathologies or conditions. STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively compared fetal MRI findings with ultrasound findings in CNS anomalies with respect to certain pathologic groups.

Extramedullary Relapse of Acute Myeloid and Lymphoid Leukemia in Children: A Retrospective Analysis.

Background: Extramedullary relapse (EMR) is a recurrence of leukemia in sites other than the bone marrow, and it exhibits a relatively rare presentation of relapse of acute leukemia. However, EMR is an important cause of treatment failure among patients with acute leukemia. Therefore, early detection of these relapses may improve the prognosis.

Submucosal Hemangioma of the Trachea in an Infant: Diagnosis and Follow-Up with 3D-CT/Bronchoscopy.

Introduction: Infantile hemangiomas of the airway are diagnosed at bronchoscopy as part of the investigation of stridor or other respiratory symptoms. Here, we present three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT)/bronchoscopy findings of submucosal subglottic hemangioma missed at bronchoscopy.

Case Presentation: We report on the clinical usefulness of 3D-CT/bronchoscopy as the primary diagnostic tool and follow-up method in the evaluation of suspected airway infantile hemangiomas, especially when the hemangioma is the submucosal type.

Correlation of the clinical parameters with sonographic findings of hemorrhagic cystitis in pediatric hematooncology patients.

To find a relationship between clinical and sonographic appearance of hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) in pediatric hematooncology patients. Clinical and sonographic findings of 31 children (M:F = 18:13; mean age, 12.7 years) with HC in pediatric hematooncology patients were reviewed.

Clinical Features and Prognosis of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Korean Children with Hematologic/Oncologic Diseases.

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is the most frequent form of invasive fungal diseases in immunocompromised patients. However, there are only a few studies on IPA in immunocompromised children in Korea. This study was designed to characterize IPA in Korean children with hematologic/oncologic diseases.

Serum galactomannan index for early prediction of mortality in immunocompromised children with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.

Background: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is the most common invasive fungal disease in immunocompromised patients, and it has a 30 % mortality rate despite appropriate antifungal therapy. This retrospective study was performed to determine risk factors for mortality in immunocompromised children with IPA.

Methods: Medical records of 45 probable/proven IPA cases diagnosed in children with hematologic/oncologic diseases were reviewed.

Intramuscular leukemic relapse: clinical signs and imaging findings. A multicentric analysis.

Objective: Leukemia is a group of malignant diseases involving peripheral blood and bone marrow. Extramedullary tumor manifestation in leukemia can also occur. They more often involve lymph nodes, skin, and bones.

Relationship between modified CT severity index and clinical features of L-asparaginase-associated pancreatitis in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Purpose: To describe clinical and CT features of L-asparaginase-associated pancreatitis (L-AP) and to correlate CT grades with clinical parameters.

Methods: A total of 16 children (M:F = 9:7; mean age, 8.1 years) who developed L-AP after L-asparaginase (L-asp) treatment and underwent abdominal CT scan were included.

Alveolar soft part sarcoma arising from the kidney: imaging and clinical features.

Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is an extremely rare malignant soft tissue sarcoma primarily affecting young patients. It usually occurs in the lower extremities, although it can occur in soft tissue anywhere in the body. However, to our knowledge, there has been no case of primary ASPS originating from the kidney in the literature.

MR findings of the osteofibrous dysplasia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe MR findings of osteofibrous dysplasia.

Materials And Methods: MR images of 24 pathologically proven osteofibrous dysplasia cases were retrospectively analyzed for a signal intensity of the lesion, presence of intralesional fat signal, internal hypointense band, multilocular appearance, cortical expansion, intramedullary extension, cystic area, cortical breakage and extraosseous extension, abnormal signal from the adjacent bone marrow and soft tissue and patterns of contrast enhancement.

Results: All cases of osteofibrous dysplasia exhibited intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images.

Tracheobronchomalacia in infants: the use of non-breath held 3D CT bronchoscopy.

Objective: To evaluate the use of a non-breath held 3D-CT-bronchoscopy in detecting tracheobronchomalacia in infants.

Methods: The study was based on 17 infants who received both bronchoscopy and 3D-CT-bronchoscopy within 1 week at our institution. 3D-CT-bronchoscopy consisted of an axial-enhanced-chest-scan and a 3D-volume-external rendering (VR) image of the airways and was scanned with a consciously sedated non-breath held protocol, using a 64-channel-multidetecter-CT scanner.

Renal infarction secondary to invasive aspergillosis in a 5-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Aspergillus species have angioinvasive properties and can involve extrapulmonary organs by hematogenous spread from the lungs. However, renal involvement by Aspergillus is uncommon and is usually associated with the formation of abscesses. We report an unusual case of invasive renal aspergillosis presenting with extensive renal infarction in a 5-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Risk factors associated with nephrocalcinosis in preterm infants.

Purpose: The objective was to identify the risk factors associated with nephrocalcinosis (NC) in preterm infants.

Methods: NC was diagnosed by renal sonography at 4 or 8 weeks of life, and 10 infants who had findings of type 3 or 4 NC were classified as the NC group. Various clinical and laboratory factors were compared between NC and control groups.

Langerhans cell sarcoma in two young children: imaging findings on initial presentation and recurrence.

Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) is a neoplastic proliferation of Langerhans cells with malignant cytological features and multi-organ involvement that typically has a poor prognosis. We experienced 2 cases of LCS in children less than 2 years of age and report them based primarily on CT and MR findings. Both children had findings of hepatosplenomegaly with low-attenuation nodular lesions, had multiple lymphadenopathy, and had shown recurrent lesions invading the skull during follow-up after chemotherapy.

Effects of acute joint effusion on balance in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of acute joint effusion on balance in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Design: Forty-four female subjects with painful knee osteoarthritis participated in this single-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. All subjects were randomly assigned to either the injection or the control group.

Predisposing factors of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in acute childhood leukemia.

A retrospective chart review was performed on 19 patients aged <18 years who developed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome as a complication during treatment of acute childhood leukemia. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome was most often observed during acute lymphoblastic leukemia induction chemotherapy (n = 9, 47.4%) and after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (n = 8, 42.

CT evaluation of airway foreign bodies in children: emphasis on the delayed diagnosis and differentiation from airway mucus plugs.

Purpose: To review clinical and CT findings of airway foreign bodies (FBs) among children, with an emphasis on delayed diagnosis and differentiation from mucus plugs (MPs).

Methods: The CT findings and medical records of 27 patients (M:F = 17:10; mean age, 18.2 months) confirmed for FB (n = 20) and MP (n = 7) were reviewed.