Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with low dose bone morphogenetic protein 2 enhances scaffold-based spinal fusion in a porcine model.

High doses bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) have resulted in a series of complications in spinal fusion. We previously established a polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) carrier system that reduces the therapeutic dose of BMP-2 in both rodent and porcine spinal fusion models. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the combination of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and low dose BMP-2 delivered by PEC for bone regeneration in a porcine model of anterior lumbar interbody spinal fusion (ALIF) application.

Heparin-Based Polyelectrolyte Complex Enhances the Therapeutic Efficacy of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 for Posterolateral Fusion in a Large Animal Model.

Study Design: The study was based on porcine posterolateral fusion model.

Objective: The study aims to prove that polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) carrier could enhance the efficacy and safety profile of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2).

Summary Of Background Data: BMP-2 was introduced to enhance posterolateral fusion; however, extremely high doses of this molecule were often used which contributed to various complications.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells assembled with low-dose BMP-2 in a three-dimensional hybrid construct enhances posterolateral spinal fusion in syngeneic rats.

Background Context: The combination of potent osteoinductive growth factor, functional osteoblastic cells, and osteoconductive materials to induce bone formation is a well-established concept in bone tissue engineering. However, supraphysiological dose of growth factor, such as recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2), which is necessary in contemporary clinical application, have been reported to result in severe side effects.

Purpose: We hypothesize that the synergistic osteoinductive capacity of low-dose bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) combined with undifferentiated bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) is comparable to that of osteogenically differentiated BMSCs when used in a rodent model of posterolateral spinal fusion.

Polyelectrolyte Complex Carrier Enhances Therapeutic Efficiency and Safety Profile of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Porcine Lumbar Interbody Fusion Model.

Study Design: Porcine lumbar interbody fusion model.

Objective: This study evaluates the effect of polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) carrier in enhancing the therapeutic efficiency and safety profile of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in a large animal model.

Summary Of Background Data: Extremely large amounts of BMP-2 are administered to achieve consistent spinal fusion, which has led to complications.

Novel Protamine-Based Polyelectrolyte Carrier Enhances Low-Dose rhBMP-2 in Posterolateral Spinal Fusion.

Study Design: A rodent posterolateral spinal fusion model.

Objective: This study evaluated a protamine-based polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) developed to use heparin in enhancing the biological activity of low-dose recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in spinal fusion.

Summary Of Background Data: rhBMP-2 is commonly regarded as the most potent bone-inducing molecule.

Minimizing the severity of rhBMP-2-induced inflammation and heterotopic ossification with a polyelectrolyte carrier incorporating heparin on microbead templates.

Study Design: A rodent model of posterior spinal fusion.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of low-dose recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) delivered with a heparin based polylectrolyte complex (PEC) carrier in facilitating posterior spinal fusion while concurrently minimizing seroma and heterotopic ossification.

Summary Of Background Data: rhBMP-2 is being used to augment spinal fusion.