Improving the reliability of smartphone-based urine colorimetry using a colour card calibration method.

Objective: Urine colorimetry using a digital image-based colorimetry is potentially an accessible hydration assessment method. This study evaluated the agreement between urine colorimetry values measured with different smartphone brands under various lighting conditions in patients with dengue fever.

Methods: The urine samples were photographed in a customized photo box, under five simulated lighting conditions, using five smartphones.

Congenital nasal cavity stenosis in children with craniosyntosis: A report of 4 rare cases.

Congenital bony nasal stenosis (CBNS) is a very rare but life-threatening cause of airway obstruction in neonates and infants. This review aims to assess the presentation and early airway management of 4 new cases of craniosynostosis with bilateral nasal cavity stenosis. Patients were treated with endoscopic endonasal widening of the nasal cavity and stenting.

Factors contributing to hearing impairment in patients with cleft lip/palate in Malaysia: A prospective study of 346 ears.

Objective: To determine the factors contributing towards hearing impairment in patients with cleft lip/palate.

Method: A prospective analysis was conducted on 173 patients (346 ears) with cleft lip and palate (CL/P) who presented to the combined cleft clinic at University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) over 12 months. The patients' hearing status was determined using otoacoustic emission (OAE), pure tone audiometry (PTA) and auditory brainstem response (ABR).