Progression to prediabetes or diabetes in young Korean women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A longitudinal observational study.

Objective: To investigate changes in glycaemic status in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Design: Longitudinal observational study.

Patients: Women with PCOS who underwent baseline and follow-up screening tests for diabetes (n = 262).

The effects of luteinising hormone gene polymorphism on the outcomes of fertilisation and embryo transfer.

Trp8Arg polymorphism of the LH beta gene has decreased bioactivity and previous studies showed conflicting data on the effect of LH beta gene polymorphism on the IVF outcome. In this study, 591 IVF patients were recruited. Patients with the variant allele(s) were the carrier group.

Association Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the Polymorphisms of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Repressor, Glutathione-S-transferase T1, and Glutathione-S-transferase M1 Genes.

Objective: To investigate the association between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AhRR) C/G polymorphisms and glutathione-S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and GSTT1 null mutation and the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in Korean women.

Methods: This was a case-control study of 478 women with PCOS and 376 aged-matched healthy controls. Genotyping of the AhRR C/G polymorphism and GSTM1 and GSTT1 were performed using real-time PCR analysis and multiplex PCR, respectively.

Impact of the newly recommended antral follicle count cutoff for polycystic ovary in adult women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Study Question: What is the impact of the newly recommended antral follicle count (AFC) cutoff for polycystic ovary (PCO) on the diagnostic status of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?

Summary Answer: Among patients with phenotypes requiring the presence of PCO for diagnosis, approximately half (48.2%) were excluded from having PCOS based on the new AFC cutoff, although these excluded women had worse metabolic and hormonal profiles than the controls and were indistinguishable from the remaining patients with regard to major hormonal and metabolic parameters.

What Is Known Already: In the Rotterdam criteria, PCO is defined as either 12 or more follicles measuring 2-9 mm in diameter or an increased ovarian volume >10 cm3.

Prevalence of insulin resistance in Korean women with polycystic ovary syndrome according to various homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance cutoff values.

Objective: To investigate the various homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) cutoff values in a large population of healthy controls and to evaluate the prevalence of IR in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Design: Case control study.

Setting: Reproductive endocrinology center.

Serum visfatin levels in non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome and matched controls.

Objective: The purpose of the current study was to compare the circulating levels of visfatin between women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and those without PCOS and to assess the correlations between visfatin levels and various parameters.

Methods: This case-control study recruited 74 PCOS patients and 74 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls. Serum visfatin levels were evaluated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Androgen receptor cytosine, adenine, and guanine trinucleotide repeat polymorphism in Korean patients with endometriosis: A case-control study.

Study Objective: To investigate the association between the androgen receptor (AR) cytosine, adenine, and guanine (CAG) repeat polymorphisms and endometriosis.

Study Design: A prospective case-control, genetic association study was performed on women with surgically proven endometriosis (n=421) and controls free of endometriosis (n=349). AR CAG repeat lengths were determined from peripheral blood samples.

FSH receptor gene p. Thr307Ala and p. Asn680Ser polymorphisms are associated with the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) gene p. Thr307Ala (c.919A>G, rs6165) and p.

An effective method for improving outcomes in patients with a fertilization defect.

The effect of artificial oocyte activation (AOA) with a calcium ionophore on intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection (IMSI) was examined in patients with histories of repeated failed implantation attempts. Four singleton pregnancies and one twin pregnancy were obtained after embryos transfer (5/14, 35.7%).

Association of CDKN2B-AS and WNT4 genetic polymorphisms in Korean patients with endometriosis.

Objective: To investigate whether specific genetic polymorphisms in the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B antisense RNA (CDKN2B-AS) gene and near the wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 4 (WNT4) gene are associated with endometriosis in a Korean population.

Design: Case-control genetic association study.

Setting: University.

Gene dose effect between a fat mass and obesity-associated polymorphism and body mass index was observed in Korean women with polycystic ovary syndrome but not in control women.

Objective: To examine the association between fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) polymorphisms and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in Korean women.

Design: Case-control study.

Setting: University department of obstetrics and gynecology.

Vitamin D deficiency in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: TO INVESTIGATE: the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Korean women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and the relationship between vitamin D status and clinical or metabolic features in this group.

Methods: We recruited 38 women with PCOS using the Rotterdam criteria. A total of 109 premenopausal control women were matched with patients based on age and body mass index.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome is higher among non-obese PCOS women with hyperandrogenism and menstrual irregularity in Korea.

Background: Hyperandrogenism (HA) has been linked with several components of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Few studies in Asian women have evaluated the important risk factors for and prevalence of MetS according to PCOS subtype. In this study, we investigated differences in metabolic parameters and the prevalence of MetS in two major phenotypic subgroups of PCOS in Korea.

Complete phenotypic and metabolic profiles of a large consecutive cohort of untreated Korean women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: To investigate the complete metabolic and phenotypic profiles of a large cohort of untreated, consecutively recruited Korean women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), for whom a registry for Korean women with PCOS was constructed.

Design: Observational study.

Setting: Three infertility clinics and 10 university hospitals.

In vitro maturation: Clinical applications.

Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is an assisted reproductive technology in which oocytes are retrieved from the antral follicles of unstimulated or minimally stimulated ovaries. IVM of human oocytes has emerged as a promising procedure. This new technology has advantages over controlled ovarian stimulation such as reduction of costs, simplicity, and elimination of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

Carotid intima-media thickness in mainly non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome and age-matched controls.

Objective: Metabolic disturbances are well-recognized clinical features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) has been widely used as a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). CIMT in women with PCOS has been investigated in many studies, but there has been only one report in the Korean population.

Effects of insulin-sensitizing agents and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of insulin sensitizing agents on hormonal and metabolic parameters as well as menstrual patterns in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods: One hundred and twenty-three patients with PCOS were included. Metformin was administered to patients at 1,500 mg or 1,700 mg daily for 3 months.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is not associated with polymorphisms of the TCF7L2, CDKAL1, HHEX, KCNJ11, FTO and SLC30A8 genes.

Objective: Insulin resistance is a core feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Recently, genome-wide association studies have reported a number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with reproducible associations and susceptibilities to type 2 diabetes. We examined the potential association between the diabetogenic genes uncovered in the genome-wide association studies and PCOS in Korean women.

Prevalence of elevated glycated hemoglobin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background: Recently, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) has included glycated hemoglobin A1(c) (A1C) level as a component of diagnostic criteria of 'diabetes' or 'increased risk for diabetes'. This study was conducted to examine the prevalence of and risk factors for 'elevated A1C' (≥5.7%) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Assessment of hirsutism among Korean women: results of a randomly selected sample of women seeking pre-employment physical check-up.

Background: The objectives of this study were to define the distribution of the modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mF-G) score in a random group of Korean women and to study any association(s) between hirsutism and endocrine/metabolic markers.

Methods: A single investigator assessed the mF-G score prospectively in 1010 Korean women, who consulted a health-care center as part of a group check-up for employment. Logistic regression models were utilized to test the relationships between the presence of hirsutism and levels of endocrine/metabolic markers.

Association of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 Pro12Ala polymorphism with advanced-stage endometriosis.

Problem: To investigate whether the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism is associated with a risk of advanced-stage endometriosis in a Korean population.

Methods Of Study:   Case-control study in a collective of 446 patients and 427 controls. The Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPAR-γ2 gene was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis.

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and interleukin-6 gene polymorphisms in patients with advanced-stage endometriosis.

Background/aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility that the K469E and G241R polymorphisms in the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) gene and the C-634G polymorphism in the interleukin (IL)-6 gene are associated with endometriosis in the Korean population.

Methods: The ICAM-1 gene K469E and G241R polymorphisms and the IL-6 gene C-634G polymorphism were evaluated in 390 patients with endometriosis and 351 controls by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.

Results: The ICAM-1 gene G241R polymorphism was not observed in all subjects.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and its coactivator-1alpha gene polymorphisms in Korean women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background/aims: To investigate whether the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) Pro12Ala and the PPAR-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) Gly482Ser polymorphisms were associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods: Genetic analyses of the PPAR-gamma Pro12Ala and the PGC-1alpha Gly482Ser polymorphisms were performed in 184 patients with PCOS and 256 controls. Hormone levels, biochemical and clinical features were analyzed according to these polymorphisms.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-TNF receptor gene polymorphisms and their serum levels in Korean women with endometriosis.

Problem: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the polymorphisms of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNT-alpha) and TNF receptor (TNFR) genes and serum levels of TNF-alpha and its soluble receptor (sTNFR) in Korean women with endometriosis.

Method Of Study: The TNF-alpha C(-857)T, C(-863)A and T(-1031)C, and TNFR1 A(36)G. TNFR2 T(676)G, A(1663)G, T(1668)G and C(1690)T polymorphisms, and serum levels of TNF-alpha, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2 were analyzed in women with (n = 105) and without endometriosis (n = 101).

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p85alpha regulatory subunit gene Met326Ile polymorphism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background: Insulin resistance is a core feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase is an important enzyme in the early insulin signaling cascade and plays a key role in insulin-mediated glucose transport. In its regulatory subunit, p85alpha, there is a common amino acid substitution (the Met326Ile polymorphism), and this amino acid may be crucial for the function of the p85alpha regulatory subunit and PI3-kinase.