Fungal Endophthalmitis Outbreak after Cataract Surgery, South Korea, 2020.

In November 2020, an unusual increase in fungal endophthalmitis cases after cataract surgery was reported to the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, South Korea. We initiated an outbreak investigation to identify the cause. We identified 156 cases nationwide, 62 confirmed and 94 probable.

Radiological Clinical Practice Guidelines Published in the Last Decade: A Bibliometric Analysis.

Objectives: To provide a comprehensive review of radiological clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and to establish their characteristics and impact in the field of radiology.

Material And Methods: A MEDLINE search was performed for CPGs in which at least half of the authors were from the radiology or imaging department. The following information was extracted from each CPG: year of publication, journal, provider, number of authors, number of pages, number of references, collaboration, country of origin, radiological subspecialty, imaging modality used, topic, source of funding, and number and pattern of citations.

The 100 top-cited articles focused on magnetic resonance: a bibliometric analysis.

Background: The number of citations that an article has received can be used to evaluate its impact on a particular research area.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the 100 top-cited articles focused on magnetic resonance (MR).

Material And Methods: We determined the 100 top-cited articles on MR via the Scopus database, using the search term.

Distribution of Citations Received by Scientific Papers Published in the Imaging Literature From 2001 to 2010: Decreasing Inequality and Polarization.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the distribution of citations received by scientific papers published in the imaging literature between 2001 and 2010.

Materials And Methods: We extracted the number of citations of all articles and reviews for 5 years after publication using the Scopus (Elsevier) citation database of imaging journals between 2001 and 2010. We quantitatively analyzed article and review citations from each journal and each year, including the number, proportion, and annual number of citations of the most- (≥ 20 citations) and least-cited (three or fewer citations) papers; ratio of most-cited to least-cited papers; 75/25 percentile citation ratio; 90/10 percentile citation ratio; Gini coefficient; and Kolkata index.

Characteristics and quality of published animal research in the field of radiology.

Background Animal research has played an important role in the field of radiology. Purpose To evaluate the characteristics and quality of published radiological animal research. Material and Methods A PubMed search was performed for radiological animal research articles (defined as studies using animal models with a radiologist as the first author) published in 1994, 2004, and 2014.

Characteristics and Quality of Radiologic Randomized Controlled Trials: A Bibliometric Analysis Between 1995 and 2014.

Objective: The aim of this bibliometric study was to assess the characteristics and quality of radiologic randomized controlled trials (RCTs) over the past 20 years.

Materials And Methods: A PubMed search was conducted to identify radiologic RCTs (defined as RCTs in which the first author or corresponding author is affiliated with a radiology department) published between 1995 and 2014. The following information was extracted from each article: journal, radiologic subspecialty, imaging technique, number of subjects, study result, funding, number of authors, number of institutions, country of origin, and methodologic quality (assessed using the Jadad scale).

Bone Tunnel Diameter Measured with CT after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Double-Bundle Auto-Hamstring Tendons: Clinical Implications.

Objective: To evaluate the correlation between bone tunnel diameter after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction measured by computed tomography (CT) using multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and stability or clinical scores.

Materials And Methods: Forty-seven patients (41 men and 6 women, mean age: 34 years) who had undergone ACL reconstruction with the double bundle technique using auto-hamstring graft and had subsequently received CT scans immediately after the surgery (T1: range, 1-4 days, mean, 2.5 days) and at a later time (T2: range, 297-644 days, mean, 410.

Closing the Gender Gap: Increased Female Authorship in AJR and Radiology.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate gender differences in the authorship of original research articles by radiologists in two major American radiology journals, AJR and Radiology.

Materials And Methods: In a retrospective bibliometric analysis, all original articles published in AJR and Radiology during three 3-year periods (1991-1993, 2001-2003, and 2011-2013) were reviewed to determine the gender of the first and corresponding radiology authors. In addition, radiologic subspecialty and country of the authors were also abstracted from each article.

Cyanidin-3-glucoside suppresses Th2 cytokines and GATA-3 transcription factor in EL-4 T cells.

Allergic disease is dominated by Th2 immune responses. Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, representative Th2 cytokines, play pivotal roles in the pathogenic activation of the Th2 immune response. In this study, we found that cyanidin-3-glucoside chloride (C3G), an anthocyanin suppressed IL-4 and IL-13 produced in activated EL-4 T cells but not Th1 cytokines including IL-2, interferon-γ, or IL-12.

Pheophytin a and chlorophyll a suppress neuroinflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ-stimulated BV2 microglia.

Aims: Microglia-mediated inflammation is associated with pathogenesis of various neuronal disorders. This study investigated inhibitory effects of pheophytin a (PP) and chlorophyll a (CP) on neuroinflammation and underlying cellular mechanisms in microglia cells.

Main Methods: BV2 murine microglia cells were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 ng/mL) and interferon (IFN)-γ (10 U/mL).

Comparison of emergency cranial CT interpretation between radiology residents and neuroradiologists: transverse versus three-dimensional images.

Purpose: Three-dimensional (3D) reformatted images provide a more inclusive representation of abnormalities than transverse images in cranial computed tomography (CT). The purpose of this study was to assess the value of 3D reformations for radiology residents in the interpretation of emergency cranial CTs.

Materials And Methods: In total, 218 consecutive patients who underwent emergency cranial CT scans with 3D reformation were included in this retrospective study.

Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid suppress Th2 cytokine expression in RBL-2H3 basophilic leukemia cells.

It is known that the intake of omega-3 fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is beneficial for preventing and/or treating allergic diseases. The pathogenesis of allergic diseases is associated with overactivation of Th2-skewed immunity. Basophils generate large amounts of Th2 cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, which are critically involved in allergic inflammation.

Suppressive effects of fructus of Magnolia denudata on IL-4 and IL-13 expression in T cells.

Magnolia species have been used for the treatment of allergic diseases in Asia as folk medicine; however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of its anti-allergic effects have rarely been investigated. In this study, we demonstrated that a methanolic extract of the fructus of Magnolia denudata has suppressive effects on Th2 cytokine production such as IL-4 and IL-13, but not IFN-γ and IL-17, produced by both phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/ionomycin (PI)- and CD3/CD28-stimulated EL-4 T cells. Moreover, the mRNA expression of Th2 cytokines was significantly inhibited, and luciferase activity in cells transiently transfected with IL-4 or IL-13 promoter reporter plasmids was suppressed by M.

CT differentiation of abscess and non-infected fluid in the postoperative neck.

Background: Differentiation of postoperative neck abscess from non-infected fluid is important because the treatment is different.

Purpose: To determine specific CT findings that might help to differentiate abscesses from non-infected fluid collections in the postoperative neck.

Material And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed CT scans of 50 patients (43 men and 7 women; mean age, 62.

Characteristics and trends of radiology research: a survey of original articles published in AJR and Radiology between 2001 and 2010.

Purpose: To determine the characteristics and trends of the original articles published in two major American radiology journals, AJR American Journal of Roentgenology (AJR) and Radiology, between 2001 and 2010.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective bibliometric analysis that did not involve human subjects and was exempt from institutional review board approval. All 6542 original articles published in AJR and Radiology between 2001 and 2010 were evaluated.

Compressibility of thyroid masses: a sonographic sign differentiating benign from malignant lesions?

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the manual compressibility of thyroid masses with an ultrasound probe and to determine whether this ultrasound feature can be used to differentiate benign from malignant thyroid lesions.

Subjects And Methods: We prospectively compared images obtained during compression with an ultrasound probe and noncompressed ultrasound images of 180 pathologically proven thyroid masses (51 malignant, 129 benign) smaller than 2 cm in 169 patients (127 women, 42 men; mean age, 51.2 years).

Imaging diagnosis of post-ERCP focal pancreatitis mimicking pancreatic carcinoma by follow-up F-18 FDG PET/CT.

Pancreatitis is the most common complication of diagnostic or therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The incidence of clinical post-ERCP pancreatitis is about 5%. The authors describe a case of 60-year-old man who developed an unusual focal, instead of usual diffuse pancreatitis after diagnostic ERCP.

"Taller-than-wide sign" of thyroid malignancy: comparison between ultrasound and CT.

Objective: The objective of our study was to investigate the mechanism of the "taller-than-wide sign"--that is, an anteroposterior dimension-to-transverse dimension ratio of >or= 1 on ultrasound.

Materials And Methods: Ultrasound and CT images of 90 pathologically proven thyroid masses (57 malignant and 33 benign) smaller than 2 cm in 77 patients (mean age, 45 years) were retrospectively reviewed. Two readers assessed the anteroposterior and transverse dimensions of the mass, anteroposterior-transverse ratio of the mass, anteroposterior dimension of the ipsilateral thyroid lobe, and the position of the common carotid artery (CCA) relative to the thyroid lobe.