ARS: AI-Driven Recovery Controller for Quadruped Robot Using Single-Network Model.

Legged robots, especially quadruped robots, are widely used in various environments due to their advantage in overcoming rough terrains. However, falling is inevitable. Therefore, the ability to overcome a falling state is an essential ability for legged robots.

Dynamical control of nanoscale electron density in atomically thin n-type semiconductors via nano-electric pulse generator.

Controlling electron density in two-dimensional semiconductors is crucial for both comprehensive understanding of fundamental material properties and their technological applications. However, conventional electrostatic doping methods exhibit limitations, particularly in addressing electric field-induced drift and subsequent diffusion of electrons, which restrict nanoscale doping. Here, we present a tip-induced nanospectroscopic electric pulse modulator to dynamically control nanoscale electron density, thereby facilitating precise measurement of nano-optoelectronic behaviors within a MoS monolayer.

Role of Lysyl Oxidase-Like Protein 3 in the Pathogenesis of Graves' Orbitopathy in Orbital Fibroblasts.

Purpose: The lysyl oxidase (LOX) family has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases caused by inflammation and fibrosis. Therefore, we aimed to examine the role of lysyl oxidase-like protein 3 (LOXL3) in Graves' orbitopathy (GO) pathogenesis and its potential as a treatment target.

Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction compared the transcript levels of the five LOX family subtypes in orbital tissue explants obtained from patients with GO (n = 18) and healthy controls (n = 15).

The application study of harmonization code in medical device adverse event reporting.

Background: The reporting of adverse events in medical devices (MD) is a starting point of post-market surveillance and the most common source of initial safety signals. Because MD adverse events (AE) occur globally and involve high-profile international public health crises, international regulators implanted standard codes for MDAE reporting. This study aimed to assess the application of MDAE terminology and codes by providing examples of virtual events.

A big data analysis of fever threshold and vital sign characteristics using tympanic temperature in hospitalized patients.

This study aimed to analyze vital sign characteristics of adult patients admitted at the Tertiary Hospital, and to define fever threshold and average body temperature by examining the tympanic temperatures of all patients. Retrospective medical data were extracted from 9195 patients aged > 21 years admitted to a tertiary hospital for elective surgeries between 2016 and 2020. Data regarding the patients' vital signs during their hospital stay, including tympanic body temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate, were analyzed according to age, sex, and circadian rhythm.

Metformin induces apoptosis in TRAIL-resistant colorectal cancer cells.

Resistance to chemotherapy drugs, which commonly occurs during the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), can lead to tumor recurrence and metastasis, so combinational treatment strategies according to the cancer cell type are urgently needed to overcome drug resistance and increase therapeutic efficiency. To this end, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising anticancer strategy. Some CRC cell lines such as SW620 have low sensitivity to TRAIL, so additional sensitizers are required to make the strategy effective.

Therapeutic role of physalin A in the pathogenesis of Graves' orbitopathy.

Background: Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is an autoimmune condition that causes serious ocular symptoms; its treatment strategies are limited. Physalin A is a phytosterol that has shown various therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. In this study, we investigated whether physalin A could inhibit inflammation, fibrosis, hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) production, and adipogenesis, which are crucial to the pathogenesis of GO.

PEP-1-PIN1 Promotes Hippocampal Neuronal Cell Survival by Inhibiting Cellular ROS and MAPK Phosphorylation.

The peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PIN1) plays a vital role in cellular processes, including intracellular signaling and apoptosis. While oxidative stress is considered one of the primary mechanisms of pathogenesis in brain ischemic injury, the precise function of PIN1 in this disease remains to be elucidated. We constructed a cell-permeable PEP-1-PIN1 fusion protein and investigated PIN1's function in HT-22 hippocampal cells as well as in a brain ischemic injury gerbil model.

Ninjurin1 deficiency differentially mitigates colorectal cancer induced by azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium in male and female mice.

This study investigated the role of Ninjurin1 (Ninj1), encoding a small transmembrane protein, in colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis in relation to sex hormones. Male and female wild-type (WT) and Ninj1 knockout (KO) mice were treated with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), with or without testosterone propionate (TP). At week 2 (acute colitis stage), Ninj1 KO exhibited an alleviation in the colitis symptoms in both male and female mice.

Fabrication of a uniform quantum dot film with a high quantum yield.

We present a method that uses viscosity-lowering materials to fabricate flexible polydimethylsiloxane-based quantum dot (QD) films with high quantum yield (QY) and improved uniformity. We found that the aggregation of individual QDs was prevented, and the QY improved simultaneously in films that contained surfactants. These films showed an improved absorption of approximately 27% in the near-UV and blue light regions, along with an improved photoluminescence of approximately 18%, indicating improved light conversion from the UV to the visible frequency region.

Quantum tunneling high-speed nano-excitonic modulator.

High-speed electrical control of nano-optoelectronic properties in two-dimensional semiconductors is a building block for the development of excitonic devices, allowing the seamless integration of nano-electronics and -photonics. Here, we demonstrate a high-speed electrical modulation of nanoscale exciton behaviors in a MoS monolayer at room temperature through a quantum tunneling nanoplasmonic cavity. Electrical control of tunneling electrons between Au tip and MoS monolayer facilitates the dynamic switching of neutral exciton- and trion-dominant states at the nanoscale.

Therapeutic role of histone deacetylase inhibition in an model of Graves' orbitopathy.

Graves' orbitopathy (GO), a manifestation of Graves' disease, is characterized by orbital fibroblast‑induced inflammation, leading to fibrosis or adipogenesis. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) serves a central role in autoimmune diseases and fibrosis. The present study investigated HDAC inhibition in orbital fibroblasts from patients with GO to evaluate its potential as a therapeutic agent.

Pentraxin 3 mediates inflammation and adipogenesis in Graves' orbitopathy pathogenesis.

Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a prototypic humoral soluble pattern-recognition molecule known to function in immunity-related inflammation. Given the lack of information on the precise functions of PTX3 in the pathogenesis of Graves' orbitopathy (GO), this study investigated the role of PTX3 in the inflammation and adipogenesis mechanisms of GO. We first compared the PTX3 expression between orbital tissues from patients with GO and normal controls using real-time PCR, which estimated significantly higher PTX3 transcript levels in the GO tissues than in the normal tissues.

Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of HD02 and MD159 through Mast Cell Degranulation Inhibition in Mouse Models of Atopic Dermatitis.

As the relationship between the gut microbiome and allergies becomes better understood, targeted strategies to prevent and treat allergies through gut microbiome modulation are being increasingly developed. In the study presented herein, we screened various probiotics for their ability to inhibit mast cell degranulation and identified HD02 and MD159 as effective candidates. The two strains significantly attenuated vascular permeability induced by mast cell degranulation in a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) model and, in the MC903-induced murine atopic dermatitis (AD) model, demonstrated comparable preventive effects against allergies, reducing blood levels of MCPT-1 (mast cell protease-1) and total IgE.

Limitations of NHIC claim code-based surveillance and the necessity of UDI implementation in Korea.

The E-Health Big Data Evidence Innovation Network (FeederNet) in Korea, based on the observational medical outcomes partnership (OMOP) common data model (CDM), had 72.3% participation from tertiary hospitals handling severe diseases as of October 2022. While this contributes to the activation of multi-institutional research, concerns about the comprehensiveness of device data persist due to the adoption of national health insurance corporation (NHIC) claim codes as device identifiers in the medical device field.

Microbiome-Mucosal Immunity Nexus: Driving Forces in Respiratory Disease Progression.

The importance of the complex interplay between the microbiome and mucosal immunity, particularly within the respiratory tract, has gained significant attention due to its potential implications for the severity and progression of lung diseases. Therefore, this review summarizes the specific interactions through which the respiratory tract-specific microbiome influences mucosal immunity and ultimately impacts respiratory health. Furthermore, we discuss how the microbiome affects mucosal immunity, considering tissue-specific variations, and its capacity in respiratory diseases containing asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer.

First Report of Causing Leaf Spot on Peanut ( L.) in the Republic of Korea.

Peanut ( L.) is one of the most profitable upland crops, yielding 10,711 tonnes in an area of 4,062 ha in the Republic of Korea (Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs 2023). In September 2023, dark gray spots surrounded by yellow halos were observed on the peanut leaves over an area of 880 m at the National Institute of Crop Science (35°50'31.

Protective Effect of Memantine on Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity: An In Vitro Study.

Hypothesis: Memantine, an N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor antagonist, is widely used to treat Alzheimer's disease and has been found to have potential neuroprotective effects. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of memantine against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.

Background: Cisplatin is a widely used anticancer drug for various cancers; however, its use is limited by its side effects, including ototoxicity.

Comparisons of clinical outcomes between hypertensive and normotensive living kidney donors: a prospective, multicenter nationwide cohort study.

Background: Living kidney donors with hypertension are potential candidates for solving the donor shortages in renal transplantation. However, the safety of donors with hypertension after nephrectomy has not been sufficiently confirmed.

Methods: A total of 642 hypertensive and 4,848 normotensive living kidney donors who were enrolled in the Korean Organ Transplantation Registry between May 2014 and December 2020 were included in this study.