Two-year Outcomes of Intravitreal Aflibercept Injection for Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration with "Observe before Treat-and-Extend" Method.

Purpose: To evaluate 2-year outcomes of intravitreal aflibercept injection for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated with "observe before treat-and-extend (O-TAE)" strategy in the real-world setting.

Methods: This retrospective study included treatment-naive nAMD patients treated with aflibercept using O-TAE regimen and followed up for more than 2 years. Patients were observed bimonthly to check recurrence after three monthly loading injections.

Repeatability and Agreement of Chord Mu between Scheimpflug Tomography and Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: To evaluate repeatability and agreement of chord mu between Scheimpflug tomography (Pentacam HR) and sweptsource optical coherence tomography-based optical biometer (IOLMaster 700).

Methods: In this retrospective study, 63 eyes from 33 patients were included. Chord mu, X and Y Cartesian distances between the corneal vertex and the pupil center (Px and Py), and the pupil diameter were compared using two instruments.

Discontinuation of treatment and retreatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration in the real-world: Bundang AMD cohort study report 5.

Introduction: This single-center retrospective cohort study investigated the incidence rate and risk factors for the discontinuation of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections and retreatment in typical neovascular age-related macular degeneration (tnAMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in the real-world setting.

Methods: A total of 488 eyes with either tnAMD ( = 334) or PCV ( = 154) followed up for ≥3 years were analyzed. The discontinuation of treatment was defined as the cessation of anti-VEGF injections for 1 year or longer.

Agreement between Two Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Biometers and a Partial Coherence Interferometer.

Purpose: To evaluate the level of agreement between ANTERION (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany), OA-2000 (Tomey, Nagoya, Japan), and IOLMaster 500 (Carl Zeiss AG, Jena, Germany).

Methods: Fifty-one eyes of 51 patients were included in the study. Flat keratometry (K) and steep K, vector component of astigmatism (Jackson cross-cylinder at 0° and 90° [J0] and Jackson cross-cylinder at 45° and 135° [J45]), anterior chamber depth, and axial length were compared using the three devices.

Effects of Antidepressant Treatment on Symptom Measures of Attention in Adolescents with Depression: A Preliminary Open-Label Study.

The effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) on deficits in attention and executive function in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) are relatively unknown. We aimed to investigate changes in symptom measures of attention in adolescents with MDD treated with escitalopram. The study included 82 MDD adolescents and 54 healthy controls aged from 12 to 17 years.

Massive submacular haemorrhage in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy versus typical neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To investigate the incidence rate of massive submacular haemorrhage (SMH) and risk factors in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and typical neovascular age-related macular degeneration (tnAMD).

Methods: A total of 465 patients who were diagnosed with either PCV (n = 245) or tnAMD (n = 220) from 2003 to 2014 were enrolled. Cumulative incidence of massive SMH in PCV and that in tnAMD were compared.

Association of Irregular Pigment Epithelial Detachment in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy with Genetic Variants Implicated in Age-related Macular Degeneration.

We evaluated phenotype and genotype correlation of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) patients with or without irregular pigment epithelial detachment (PED) on optical coherence tomography (OCT). For CSC, a flat, irregular protrusion of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with hyper-reflective sub-RPE fluid on OCT was defined as an irregular PED. Participants were classified into 5 subgroups; (1) total CSC (n = 280) (2) CSC with irregular PED (n = 126) (3) CSC without irregular PED (n = 154) (4) typical choroidal neovascularization (CNV) (n = 203) and (5) polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) (n = 135).

Risk Factors and Outcomes of Choroidal Neovascularization Secondary to Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.

We identified clinical characteristics and risk factors of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in eyes with prior episode of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). This retrospective case-control study included those initially diagnosed with CSC and developed CNV secondarily (Group 1, n = 16), those diagnosed with CNV in eyes of previous putative CSC (Group 2, n = 14), and those initially diagnosed with CSC, and did not develop CNV secondarily, as a control group for Group 1 (Group 3, n = 250). Clinical characteristics including treatment outcomes were assessed.

Five-year nationwide incidence of macular hole requiring surgery in Korea.

Background/aims: To estimate the incidence and demographics of macular hole (MH) requiring surgery in Korea.

Methods: Patients who underwent surgery for MH in Korea from 2011 to 2015 with the diagnostic code for MH and the surgical code for vitrectomy were retrospectively identified using the Korean national health claims database. The average incidence rate of MH during the 5-year study period was estimated by applying the direct method of standardisation using the 2015 census data as a reference population.

POSTTREATMENT POLYP REGRESSION AND RISK OF MASSIVE SUBMACULAR HEMORRHAGE IN EYES WITH POLYPOIDAL CHOROIDAL VASCULOPATHY.

Purpose: To study the association between the risk of massive submacular hemorrhage (SMH) and polyp regression after initial treatment of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy using long-term follow-up data.

Methods: Retrospective study of 223 patients who were diagnosed with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and were followed up for up to 11 years. Subjects were categorized into "regression" and "no regression" groups, according to their polyp status after the initial treatment.

Moderating effects of depressive symptoms on the relationship between problematic use of the Internet and sleep problems in Korean adolescents.

Background: Adolescence is a period of marked sleep pattern changes and sleep problems, which may result from both endogenous and exogenous factors. Among the various factors affecting adolescent sleep, depression and problematic Internet use (PIU) have received considerable attention. We examined if there is a different PIU effect on sleep between depressed group and non-depressed groups.

RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSION AFTER INTRAVASCULAR PROCEDURES: Case Series and Literature Review.

Purpose: To evaluate clinical characteristics and possible mechanisms of retinal artery occlusion (RAO) after intravascular procedures.

Methods: This study is retrospective case series and literature review. Twenty-seven patients with intravascular procedure-associated RAO (10 new patients and 17 from previous reports) were divided into Groups 1 and 2 according to assumed etiology-dislodged and new emboli, respectively.

AGE, SEX, AND TIME-SPECIFIC TRENDS IN SURGICAL APPROACHES FOR RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study Using the National Claim Registry.

Purpose: To investigate the primary surgical approach for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) according to age group, sex, and year in Korea.

Methods: We retrospectively identified patients from the national claims database who underwent primary surgery for RRD from 2007 to 2011 using the diagnostic code and surgical codes for RRD. Patients were categorized into three groups according to surgical treatment; scleral buckling, vitrectomy, and combined operation.

Satisfaction Levels and Factors Influencing Satisfaction With Use of a Social App for Neonatal and Pediatric Patient Transfer Information Systems: A Questionnaire Study Among Doctors.

Background: The treatment of neonatal and pediatric patients is limited to certain medical institutions depending on treatment difficulty. Effective patient transfers are necessary in situations where there are limited medical resources. In South Korea, the government has made a considerable effort to establish patient transfer systems using various means, such as websites, telephone, and so forth.

Comparison of sodium ion levels between an arterial blood gas analyzer and an autoanalyzer in preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit: a retrospective study.

Background: The difference in sodium ion levels determined with direct and indirect methods often exceeds the permissible limit clinically. Additionally, no previous study has assessed the difference in the sodium ion levels between direct and indirect methods in premature infants. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare sodium ion levels obtained using an arterial blood gas analyzer (ABGA; direct method) and an autoanalyzer (indirect method) to determine whether they are equivalent in premature infants.

A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of aripiprazole in children and adolescents with Tourette's disorder.

Objective: To examine the short-term efficacy and tolerability of aripiprazole for children and adolescents with Tourette's disorder.

Method: This 10-week multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted from August 2008 to April 2010. Children and adolescents (aged 6-18 years) with a DSM-IV diagnosis of Tourette's disorder and a Yale Global Tic Severity Scale total tic score of 22 or more were randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to placebo or aripiprazole.

Morphologic characteristics of the outer retina in cone dystrophy on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To investigate the morphologic changes in the outer retina of patients with cone dystrophy, using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Methods: The medical records of 15 cone dystrophy patients examined from January 2007 to January 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. All patients underwent ophthalmic evaluation including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), color vision testing, fundus examination, full-field standard electroretinography (ERG), multifocal (mf) ERG, and SD-OCT.

Academic outcomes in Asian children aged 8-11 years with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treated with atomoxetine hydrochloride.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between changes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) core symptoms and changes in academic outcome of Asian children treated with atomoxetine.

Methods: This open-label study enrolled patients aged 8-11 years with DSM-IV-TR-defined ADHD, who were naïve to ADHD medications and met the symptomatic severity threshold of 1.5 standard deviations above the age and gender norm for the ADHDRS-IV-Parent:Inv (ADHDRS) total score.

Predictors of growth in children based on 2007 Korean National Growth Charts.

Background: Postnatal growth patterns in children are associated with various factors within the birth and infancy periods. The aim of the present study was to examine the correlation between growth patterns and parameters including gestational age (GA), birthweight (BW), sex, and feeding method in the records of 61,631 children aged 6-72 months.

Methods: The data were obtained from the 2007 Korean National Growth Charts provided by the Korean Centers for Disease Control.

The effect of sucrose on infants during a painful procedure.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of treating the pain among newborn infants associated with a medical procedure with sucrose with regard to overall physiological and behavioral stability.

Methods: 103 newborn infants were enrolled in this study. The control group (n=63) did not receive any treatment.

Microsatellite marker in gamma - aminobutyric acid - a receptor beta 3 subunit gene and autism spectrum disorders in Korean trios.

This study aimed to identify the association between gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA-A) receptor subunit beta3 (GABRB3) gene and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in Korea. Fifty-eight children with ASD [47 boys (81.0%), 5.

Copy number variations associated with idiopathic autism identified by whole-genome microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization.

Objectives: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been thought to have strong genetic background, but major contributing genes or associated molecular-genetic pathways are yet to be identified. To explore the idiopathic ASD-associated copy number variations (CNVs), we conducted case-control study using whole-genome copy number analysis.

Methods: Whole-genome microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization was carried out on 28 children (24 boys and four girls) diagnosed as ASD and 62 Korean adults (45 males and 17 females) without any signs of abnormalities and family history of genetic disorders as normal controls.