Publications by authors named "Sonu Gupta"

Itaconate, an abundant metabolite produced by macrophages upon interferon-γ stimulation, possesses both antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties. Despite its crucial role in immunity and antimicrobial control, its mechanism of action and dissimilation are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that infection of mice with increases itaconate levels in lung tissues.

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Recently, many studies have revealed the association between environmental stresses and skin disorders. Skin protects the inner body organs as a first line of defence against various environmental detriments. The physical, chemical, biological, and environmental stresses and internal factors, including reactive oxygen species, can lead to skin aging, laxity, wrinkles, dryness, and coarse texture.

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a debilitating neurocognitive disorder with an unclear underlying mechanism. Recent studies have implicated gut microbiota dysbiosis with the onset and progression of AD. The connection between gut microbiota and AD can significantly affect the prevention and treatment of AD patients.

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Article Synopsis
  • Polymicrobial wound infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria are difficult to treat with standard antibiotics, prompting the exploration of using adjuvants to enhance their effectiveness.
  • A niacin-cholic acid-peptide conjugate was developed to improve the action of macrolide antibiotics like erythromycin against these stubborn bacterial infections.
  • The study found that this conjugate helps disrupt bacterial membranes, allowing erythromycin to enter more effectively, ultimately showing success in eliminating both single and mixed bacterial infections associated with wounds.
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  • Glucuronoxylan, primarily found in dicot secondary cell walls, stabilizes plant structure through interaction with cellulose; its O-acetylation is key for maintaining this stability.
  • The enzyme ESKIMO1/TBL29 acts as the primary xylan O-acetyl transferase in Arabidopsis stems, and its absence leads to stunted growth and structural issues in xylem vessels.
  • Analysis of the eskimo1 mutant revealed changes in the expression of genes related to aliphatic glucosinolates (GSLs), with increased levels of certain GSLs and metabolites, indicating metabolic reprogramming tied to the plant's growth issues.
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Oxidative and nitrosative stress play pivotal roles in normal physiological processes and the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. Previous studies from our lab demonstrated insulin resistance (IR), and dyslipidemia in iNOS mice, emphasizing the importance of maintaining optimal redox balance. These mice exhibited altered gut microbiota with decreased Lactobacillus.

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  • - The study investigates how a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet affects liver health in mice, particularly looking at physiological and biochemical changes over 10 weeks.
  • - Mice on the MCD diet showed weight loss and lower blood levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and glucose, but experienced liver issues like fat buildup, inflammation, and altered gene expression linked to fat and inflammation processes.
  • - Changes in lipids and gut microbiome composition were observed; while ceramides decreased in the liver but increased in fat, the gut bacteria shifted with more Firmicutes and fewer Bacteroidetes, revealing that the mechanisms causing NASH in mice are distinct from those in humans.
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Muscle wasting can be caused by nutrition deficiency and inefficient metabolism of amino acids, including Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs). Branched Chain Amino Acids are a major contributor to the metabolic needs of healthy muscle and account for over a tenth of lean muscle mass. Branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKD) is the rate limiting enzyme of BCAA metabolism.

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Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, is crucial in maintaining the skeletal system. Our study focuses on encapsulating the role of AhR in bone biology and identifying novel signaling pathways in musculoskeletal pathologies using the GEO dataset. The GEO2R analysis identified 8 genes (CYP1C1, SULT6B1, CYB5A, EDN1, CXCR4B, CTGFA, TIPARP, and CXXC5A) involved in the AhR pathway, which play a pivotal role in bone remodeling.

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is a Gram-negative bacillus commonly seen in immunocompromised individuals and often misdiagnosed as . is an opportunistic pathogen found in aquatic environments. It is a nonfatal infection that has low virulence and endorses susceptibility to many common antibiotics.

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Carcinomatous meningitis (CM) is characterized by the multifocal dissemination of malignant cells into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), pia mater, and subarachnoid space. Involvement can occur in the advanced stage of malignancy, causing multifocal involvement and a wide array of symptoms. Diagnosis requires suspicions and a multimodal approach that includes imaging, lumbar puncture, and diagnostic laboratory evaluation.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has evolved sophisticated surveillance mechanisms to neutralize the ROS-induces toxicity which otherwise would degrade a variety of biological molecules including proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. In the present study, we find that Mtb lacking the Rv0495c gene (ΔRv0495c) is presented with a highly oxidized cytosolic environment. The superoxide-induced lipid peroxidation resulted in altered colony morphology and loss of membrane integrity in ΔRv0495c.

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New drugs with novel mechanisms of action are urgently needed to tackle the issue of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Here, we have performed phenotypic screening using the Pathogen Box library obtained from the Medicines for Malaria Venture against . We have identified a pyridine carboxamide derivative, MMV687254, as a promising hit.

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Aging is a major risk factor for multiple chronic disorders in the elderly population, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Osteoporosis. AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss. In addition to dementia, several studies have shown that AD patients experience an increased rate of musculoskeletal co-morbidities, such as osteoporosis.

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Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is primarily synthesized by Polyphosphate Kinase-1 (PPK-1) and regulates numerous cellular processes, including energy metabolism, stress adaptation, drug tolerance, and microbial pathogenesis. Here, we report that polyP interacts with acyl CoA carboxylases, enzymes involved in lipid biosynthesis in . We show that deletion of in results in transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming.

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We evaluated the effects of select herbal extracts ( [TC] with [TC + PL] [WS] [GG] AYUSH-64 [AY-64], and Saroglitazar [S]) on various parameters in a diet-induced obesity mouse model. After 12 weeks of oral administration of the herbal extracts in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice, we analyzed plasma biochemical parameters, insulin resistance (IR), liver histology, and the expression of inflammatory and fibrosis markers, along with hepatic lipidome. We also used a 3D hepatic spheroid model to assess their impact on profibrotic gene expression.

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Diet-based models are commonly used to investigate obesity and related disorders. We conducted a comparative profiling of three obesogenic diets HFD, high fat diet; HFHF, high fat high fructose diet; and HFCD, high fat choline deficient diet to assess their impact on the gut microbiome and metabolome. After 20 weeks, we analyzed the gut microbiota and metabolomes of liver, plasma, cecal, and fecal samples.

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The intricate interplay between gut microbiota and the host is pivotal in maintaining homeostasis and health. Dietary tryptophan (TRP) metabolism initiates a cascade of essential endogenous metabolites, including kynurenine, kynurenic acid, serotonin, and melatonin, as well as microbiota-derived Trp metabolites like tryptamine, indole propionic acid (IPA), and other indole derivatives. Notably, tryptamine and IPA, among the indole metabolites, exert crucial roles in modulating immune, metabolic, and neuronal responses at both local and distant sites.

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Hepatitis E is a disease associated with acute inflammation of the liver. It is related to several dysregulated metabolic pathways and alterations in the concentration of several metabolites. However, longitudinal analysis of the alterations in metabolites and lipids is generally lacking.

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Article Synopsis
  • - COVID-19, caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, has become a global pandemic with significant health impacts.
  • - Analysis of past SARS data suggests that fungal co-infections during the COVID-19 pandemic may often go unnoticed or incorrectly diagnosed.
  • - The report includes case studies of patients who developed fungal infections in the maxilla and orbit after recovering from COVID-19, highlighting successful treatment and ongoing monitoring.
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The present study evaluated the therapeutic potential of the medicinal plant Lindl. against metabolic syndrome in male SD rats fed with a high-fat high-fructose (HFHF) diet. Methanolic extract of Lindl.

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Diet-induced obesity mouse models are widely utilized to investigate the underlying mechanisms of dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as for screening potential drug compounds. However, there is limited knowledge regarding specific signature lipids that accurately reflect dietary disorders. In this study, we aimed to identify key lipid signatures using LC/MS-based untargeted lipidomics in the plasma, liver, adipose tissue (AT), and skeletal muscle tissues (SKM) of male C57BL/6J mice that were fed chow, LFD, or obesogenic diets (HFD, HFHF, and HFCD) for a duration of 20 weeks.

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  • - Quality Protein Maize (QPM) has increased essential amino acids, particularly lysine and tryptophan, due to gene regulation affecting protein synthesis.
  • - The study identifies a specific SSR marker (phi112) that interacts with transcriptions factors and is linked to the quality of QPM, indicating a complex network of genetic influences.
  • - A multiplex PCR assay developed in the study can differentiate QPM from regular maize, supporting quality control in the production process.
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