Itaconate mechanism of action and dissimilation in .

Itaconate, an abundant metabolite produced by macrophages upon interferon-γ stimulation, possesses both antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties. Despite its crucial role in immunity and antimicrobial control, its mechanism of action and dissimilation are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that infection of mice with increases itaconate levels in lung tissues.

Algae a Potential Source in Cosmetics: Current Status, Challenges, and Economic Implications.

Recently, many studies have revealed the association between environmental stresses and skin disorders. Skin protects the inner body organs as a first line of defence against various environmental detriments. The physical, chemical, biological, and environmental stresses and internal factors, including reactive oxygen species, can lead to skin aging, laxity, wrinkles, dryness, and coarse texture.

Gut microbiota dysbiosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD): Insights from human clinical studies and the mouse AD models.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a debilitating neurocognitive disorder with an unclear underlying mechanism. Recent studies have implicated gut microbiota dysbiosis with the onset and progression of AD. The connection between gut microbiota and AD can significantly affect the prevention and treatment of AD patients.

Improved metabolic stability in iNOS knockout mice with Lactobacillus supplementation.

Oxidative and nitrosative stress play pivotal roles in normal physiological processes and the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. Previous studies from our lab demonstrated insulin resistance (IR), and dyslipidemia in iNOS mice, emphasizing the importance of maintaining optimal redox balance. These mice exhibited altered gut microbiota with decreased Lactobacillus.

The Role of Branched Chain Ketoacid Dehydrogenase Kinase (BCKDK) in Skeletal Muscle Biology and Pathogenesis.

Muscle wasting can be caused by nutrition deficiency and inefficient metabolism of amino acids, including Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs). Branched Chain Amino Acids are a major contributor to the metabolic needs of healthy muscle and account for over a tenth of lean muscle mass. Branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKD) is the rate limiting enzyme of BCAA metabolism.

The Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Bone Biology.

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, is crucial in maintaining the skeletal system. Our study focuses on encapsulating the role of AhR in bone biology and identifying novel signaling pathways in musculoskeletal pathologies using the GEO dataset. The GEO2R analysis identified 8 genes (CYP1C1, SULT6B1, CYB5A, EDN1, CXCR4B, CTGFA, TIPARP, and CXXC5A) involved in the AhR pathway, which play a pivotal role in bone remodeling.

Leclercia adecarboxylata in a Patient With Newly Diagnosed Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

is a Gram-negative bacillus commonly seen in immunocompromised individuals and often misdiagnosed as . is an opportunistic pathogen found in aquatic environments. It is a nonfatal infection that has low virulence and endorses susceptibility to many common antibiotics.

Cranial Nerve III Palsy as the First Sign of Carcinomatous Meningitis From Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma.

Carcinomatous meningitis (CM) is characterized by the multifocal dissemination of malignant cells into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), pia mater, and subarachnoid space. Involvement can occur in the advanced stage of malignancy, causing multifocal involvement and a wide array of symptoms. Diagnosis requires suspicions and a multimodal approach that includes imaging, lumbar puncture, and diagnostic laboratory evaluation.

Rv0495c regulates redox homeostasis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has evolved sophisticated surveillance mechanisms to neutralize the ROS-induces toxicity which otherwise would degrade a variety of biological molecules including proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. In the present study, we find that Mtb lacking the Rv0495c gene (ΔRv0495c) is presented with a highly oxidized cytosolic environment. The superoxide-induced lipid peroxidation resulted in altered colony morphology and loss of membrane integrity in ΔRv0495c.

Identification and optimization of pyridine carboxamide-based scaffold as a drug lead for .

New drugs with novel mechanisms of action are urgently needed to tackle the issue of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Here, we have performed phenotypic screening using the Pathogen Box library obtained from the Medicines for Malaria Venture against . We have identified a pyridine carboxamide derivative, MMV687254, as a promising hit.

Alterations in Alzheimer's disease microglia transcriptome might be involved in bone pathophysiology.

Aging is a major risk factor for multiple chronic disorders in the elderly population, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Osteoporosis. AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss. In addition to dementia, several studies have shown that AD patients experience an increased rate of musculoskeletal co-morbidities, such as osteoporosis.

Polyphosphate kinase-1 regulates bacterial and host metabolic pathways involved in pathogenesis of .

Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is primarily synthesized by Polyphosphate Kinase-1 (PPK-1) and regulates numerous cellular processes, including energy metabolism, stress adaptation, drug tolerance, and microbial pathogenesis. Here, we report that polyP interacts with acyl CoA carboxylases, enzymes involved in lipid biosynthesis in . We show that deletion of in results in transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming.

Effect of herbal extracts and Saroglitazar on high-fat diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hepatic lipidome in C57BL/6J mice.

We evaluated the effects of select herbal extracts ( [TC] with [TC + PL] [WS] [GG] AYUSH-64 [AY-64], and Saroglitazar [S]) on various parameters in a diet-induced obesity mouse model. After 12 weeks of oral administration of the herbal extracts in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice, we analyzed plasma biochemical parameters, insulin resistance (IR), liver histology, and the expression of inflammatory and fibrosis markers, along with hepatic lipidome. We also used a 3D hepatic spheroid model to assess their impact on profibrotic gene expression.

Comparative profiling of gut microbiota and metabolome in diet-induced obese and insulin-resistant C57BL/6J mice.

Diet-based models are commonly used to investigate obesity and related disorders. We conducted a comparative profiling of three obesogenic diets HFD, high fat diet; HFHF, high fat high fructose diet; and HFCD, high fat choline deficient diet to assess their impact on the gut microbiome and metabolome. After 20 weeks, we analyzed the gut microbiota and metabolomes of liver, plasma, cecal, and fecal samples.

Microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolism: Impacts on health, aging, and disease.

The intricate interplay between gut microbiota and the host is pivotal in maintaining homeostasis and health. Dietary tryptophan (TRP) metabolism initiates a cascade of essential endogenous metabolites, including kynurenine, kynurenic acid, serotonin, and melatonin, as well as microbiota-derived Trp metabolites like tryptamine, indole propionic acid (IPA), and other indole derivatives. Notably, tryptamine and IPA, among the indole metabolites, exert crucial roles in modulating immune, metabolic, and neuronal responses at both local and distant sites.

Dysregulated metabolites and lipids in serum of patients with acute hepatitis E: A longitudinal study.

Hepatitis E is a disease associated with acute inflammation of the liver. It is related to several dysregulated metabolic pathways and alterations in the concentration of several metabolites. However, longitudinal analysis of the alterations in metabolites and lipids is generally lacking.

Untargeted metabolomics and phenotype data indicate the therapeutic and prophylactic potential of Lindl. towards high-fat high-fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in rats.

The present study evaluated the therapeutic potential of the medicinal plant Lindl. against metabolic syndrome in male SD rats fed with a high-fat high-fructose (HFHF) diet. Methanolic extract of Lindl.

Characterization of lipid signatures in the plasma and insulin-sensitive tissues of the C57BL/6J mice fed on obesogenic diets.

Diet-induced obesity mouse models are widely utilized to investigate the underlying mechanisms of dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as for screening potential drug compounds. However, there is limited knowledge regarding specific signature lipids that accurately reflect dietary disorders. In this study, we aimed to identify key lipid signatures using LC/MS-based untargeted lipidomics in the plasma, liver, adipose tissue (AT), and skeletal muscle tissues (SKM) of male C57BL/6J mice that were fed chow, LFD, or obesogenic diets (HFD, HFHF, and HFCD) for a duration of 20 weeks.