Innate IRE1α-XBP1 activation by viral single-stranded RNA and its influence on lung cytokine production during SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.

The utilization of host-cell machinery during SARS-CoV-2 infection can overwhelm the protein-folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum and activate the unfolded protein response (UPR). The IRE1α-XBP1 arm of the UPR could also be activated by viral RNA via Toll-like receptors. Based on these premises, a study to gain insight into the pathogenesis of COVID-19 disease was conducted using nasopharyngeal exudates and bronchioloalveolar aspirates.

[Seroprevalence of viral hepatitis in a representative general population of an urban public health area in Castilla y León (Spain)].

Introduction: Viral hepatitis is a major social, health and economic problem worldwide, requiring strict epidemiological control.

Methods: This study presents the viral hepatitis seroprevalence in a representative sample from an urban health care area in Valladolid (Spain).

Results: Antibody prevalence was as follows: anti-HAV 52%; anti-HBc, 8.