Carnosic Acid Attenuates Cadmium Induced Nephrotoxicity by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress, Promoting Nrf2/HO-1 Signalling and Impairing TGF-β1/Smad/Collagen IV Signalling.

Cadmium (Cd) imparts nephrotoxicity via triggering oxidative stress and pathological signal transductions in renal cells. The present study was performed to explore the protective mechanism of carnosic acid (CA), a naturally occurring antioxidant compound, against cadmium chloride (CdCl)-provoked nephrotoxicity employing suitable in vitro and in vivo assays. CA (5 µM) exhibited an anti-apoptotic effect against CdCl (40 µM) in normal kidney epithelial (NKE) cells evidenced from cell viability, image, and flow cytometry assays.

Rosmarinic Acid Attenuates Cadmium-Induced Nephrotoxicity via Inhibition of Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, Inflammation and Fibrosis.

The present investigation was executed to reveal the protective mechanism of rosmarinic acid (RA) against cadmium (Cd)-induced nephrotoxicity. RA exhibited a concentration-dependent anti-apoptotic effect against CdCl in isolated mouse proximal tubular epithelial cells. Cd treatment significantly ( < 0.

Wheat phenolics suppress doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via inhibition of oxidative stress, MAP kinase activation, NF-κB pathway, PI3K/Akt/mTOR impairment, and cardiac apoptosis.

The present investigation has been undertaken to reveal the protective mechanism of polyphenolics extract of whole wheat grains (WWGPE), ferulic acid and apigenin against doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cardio-toxicity. WWGPE, apigenin, and ferulic acid exhibited concentration dependent cyto-protective effect against Dox (1 μM) in rat cardiomyocytes. Dox treatment significantly (p < 0.

Molecular mechanism of diabetic neuropathy and its pharmacotherapeutic targets.

Diabetic neuropathy is regarded as one of the most debilitating outcomes of diabetes mellitus and may cause pain, decreased motility, and even amputation. Diabetic neuropathy includes multiple forms, ranging from discomfort to death. Prognosis of diabetic neuropathy is an uphill task as it remains silent for several years after the onset of diabetes.

Carnosic Acid, a Natural Diterpene, Attenuates Arsenic-Induced Hepatotoxicity via Reducing Oxidative Stress, MAPK Activation, and Apoptotic Cell Death Pathway.

The present studies have been executed to explore the protective mechanism of carnosic acid (CA) against NaAsO-induced hepatic injury. CA exhibited a concentration dependent (1-4 M) increase in cell viability against NaAsO (12 M) in murine hepatocytes. NaAsO treatment significantly enhanced the ROS-mediated oxidative stress in the hepatic cells both in and systems.