Efficiency of B-RAF-/MEK-inhibitors in B-RAF mutated Ameloblastoma: Case report and review of literature.

Background: Ameloblastoma is a benign but locally invasive and aggressive odontogenic tumor harboring activating V600E mutations in about two thirds of the cases.

Case Presentation: Neoadjuvant therapy with Dabrafenib and Trametinib was given to a 42-year-old male patient with recurrent ameloblastoma of the right mandible with a BRAF V600E mutation for 18 months. The patient manifested an excellent response to the therapy with remarkable reduction in tumor size from 72.

[Cytopathology and molecular diagnostics of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)].

Cytological specimens from endobronchial aspirates and pleural effusions are frequently used materials in the diagnostics of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the same way as histological samples from endobronchial and transbronchial biopsy material or computed tomography (CT)-guided needle biopsies, cytological specimens are eminently suitable for molecular and immunohistological biomarker diagnostics of NSCLC, provided optimal techniques and clear diagnostic algorithms are employed. This article presents the typical processing techniques and a scheme for biomarker analytics and discusses an optimal approach for comprehensive diagnostics of NSCLC.

Circulating microRNA-122 in HCV cirrhotic patients with high frequency of genotype 3.

MicroRNA-122 (miR-122) is a liver abundant microRNA that is released upon liver injury. In the present study, we investigated the circulating miR-122 profiles in a Pakistani patients´ cohort with HCV chronic liver disease that was mainly based on HCV genotype 3 infections. From 222 patients with chronic HCV liver disease, classified as mild, moderate, or severe, serum samples were collected.

Notch1 Deficiency Induces Tumor Cell Accumulation Inside the Bronchiolar Lumen and Increases TAZ Expression in an Autochthonous Driven Lung Cancer Mouse Model.

Abrogation of Notch signaling, which is pivotal for lung development and pulmonary epithelial cell fate decisions was shown to be involved in the aggressiveness and the differentiation of lung carcinomas. Additionally, the transcription factors YAP and TAZ which are involved in the Hippo pathway, were recently shown to be tightly linked with Notch signaling and to regulate the cell fate in epidermal stem cells. Thus, we aim to elucidate the effects of conditional Notch1 deficiency on carcinogenesis and TAZ expression in lung cancer.

Expression profiling on subclasses of primary parotid gland carcinomas.

Introduction: The underlying molecular mechanisms of parotid gland carcinomas (PGC) are still unknown. Knowledge about the tumor-driving signaling pathways is necessary either for diagnostics or developing new therapeutic options in this heterogeneous and rare entity.

Material And Methods: 94 matching RNA formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples from PGC and the corresponding non-tumor area, RNA quality and quantity were sufficient for gene expression profiling of 770 genes using the NanoString's nCounter technology.

LSD1 Inhibition Attenuates Tumor Growth by Disrupting PLK1 Mitotic Pathway.

Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a histone modifier that is highly overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma, which results in aggressive tumor biology. Tumor cell proliferation and migration analysis after LSD1 inhibition in the lung adenocarcinoma cell line PC9, using the LSD1 inhibitor HCI-2509 and siRNA, demonstrated that LSD1 activity was essential for proliferation and migration capacities of tumor cells. Moreover, reduced proliferation rates after LSD1 inhibition were shown to be associated with a cell-cycle arrest of the tumor cells in the G-M-phase.

Preclinical studies reveal that LSD1 inhibition results in tumor growth arrest in lung adenocarcinoma independently of driver mutations.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most prevalent subtype of non-small cell lung cancer. Despite the development of novel targeted and immune therapies, the 5-year survival rate is still only 21%, indicating the need for more efficient treatment regimens. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is an epigenetic eraser that modifies histone 3 methylation status, and is highly overexpressed in LUAD.

Anti-inflammatory arene--chromium complexes acting as specific inhibitors of NOD2 signalling.

Inflammation is a hallmark of microbial infection in mammals and is the result of a pathogen-induced release of inflammatory effectors. In humans a variety of germ-line encoded receptors, so-called pattern-recognition receptors, respond to conserved signatures on invading pathogens, which results in the transcriptional activation of pro-inflammatory responses. Inflammation is often detrimental to the host and leads to tissue damage and/or systemic dysfunctions.

Interleukin-6 is essential for zwitterionic polysaccharide-mediated abscess formation.

Abscess formation associated with secondary peritonitis causes severe morbidity and can be fatal. Formation of abscesses requires the presence of CD4+ T-cells. Zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPSs) represent a novel class of immunomodulatory bacterial antigens that stimulate CD4+ T-cells in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-dependent manner.

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 capsular polysaccharide induces CD8CD28 regulatory T lymphocytes by TCR crosslinking.

Zwitterionic capsular polysaccharides (ZPS) of commensal bacteria are characterized by having both positive and negative charged substituents on each repeating unit of a highly repetitive structure that has an alpha-helix configuration. In this paper we look at the immune response of CD8(+) T cells to ZPSs. Intraperitoneal application of the ZPS Sp1 from Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 induces CD8(+)CD28(-) T cells in the spleen and peritoneal cavity of WT mice.

Oligoclonal CD4+ T cells promote host memory immune responses to Zwitterionic polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Zwitterionic polysaccharides of the normal flora bacteria represent a novel class of antigens in that they correct systemic CD4(+) T-cell deficiencies and direct lymphoid organogenesis during colonization of the host. Presentation of these polysaccharides to CD4(+) T cells depends on major histocompatibility complex class II- and DM-dependent retrograde transport from lysosomes to the cell surface. Yet the phenotype and clonality of the immune response to the polysaccharide in the mature host immune system have not been studied.

In vitro generation of murine myeloid dendritic cells from CD34-positive precursors.

Dendritic cells (DCs) link the innate and adaptive immune system. Currently, murine DCs for cell biology investigations are developed from MHC class II-negative bone marrow (BM) precursor cells, non-depleted BM cells or BM monocytes in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Here we demonstrate an isolation procedure of functionally intact myeloid CD11c(+) CD11b(+) DCs derived from murine CD34-positive precursors.