Metal(loid) mobility, solid-phase speciation and in vitro bioaccessibility in European hard-rock lithium (Li) deposits.

The European Union (EU) lags in lithium (Li) production despite having substantial resources in pegmatites and rare-metal granites. To address this, the European Commission has encouraged Li mining in Europe. However, there is limited information about the potential environmental and human-health impacts associated with Li mining from these lithologies.