Genome-wide nuclear data confirm two species in the Alpine endemic land snail s.l. (Gastropoda, Hygromiidae).

The Austrian endemic land snail species (formerly ) occurs in the Northeastern Calcareous Alps at high elevations. Two morphologically highly similar subspecies   and have been described. First analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear marker sequences indicated a high genetic divergence between them.

Evaluating Species Delimitation Methods in Radiations: The Land Snail Albinaria cretensis Complex on Crete.

Delimiting species in radiations is notoriously difficult because of the small differences between the incipient species, the star-like tree with short branches between species, incomplete lineage sorting, and the possibility of introgression between several of the incipient species. Next-generation sequencing data may help to overcome some of these problems. We evaluated methods for species delimitation based on genome-wide markers in a land snail radiation on Crete.

Range-constrained co-occurrence simulation reveals little niche partitioning among rock-dwelling land snails (Gastropoda: Clausiliidae).

Aim: Taxon co-occurrence analysis is commonly used in ecology, but it has not been applied to range-wide distribution data of partly allopatric taxa because existing methods cannot differentiate between distribution-related effects and taxon interactions. Our first aim was to develop a taxon co-occurrence analysis method that is also capable of taking into account the effect of species ranges and can handle faunistic records from museum databases or biodiversity inventories. Our second aim was to test the independence of taxon co-occurrences of rock-dwelling gastropods at different taxonomic levels, with a special focus on the Clausiliidae subfamily Alopiinae, and in particular the genus .

Prevalence of autoantibodies to the p53 protein in autoimmune hepatitis.

The target antigens of anti-nuclear autoantibodies in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) are poorly characterised. Since antibodies to the p53 nuclear protein have been reported in various autoimmune diseases, we have assessed the prevalence of these antibodies in patients with AIH (n = 45), primary biliary cirrhosis (n = 60), hepatitis B (n = 22), hepatitis C (n = 55), and in a control group of subjects with various non-liver diseases (n = 56). A significant proportion of patients with AIH (31%) had elevated levels of autoantibodies to the p53 protein.