Exploring the Anti-Neuroinflammatory Potential of Steroid and Terpenoid-Derived Phytochemicals to Combat Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder that significantly affects cognitive functions in a way that causes loss of memory, thinking, and behavior. Multiple studies revealed that neuroinflammation associated with AD is linked with the amyloid-beta deposition in the brain. Elevated levels of expression of cytokines, microglial activation, nuclear factor kappa B, and reactive oxygen species play roles in AD-related inflammatory processes.

Molecular Insight into the Crosstalk of UPS Components and Alzheimer's Disease.

The ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system (UPS) targets various cellular proteins for degradation. It has been found that defects in the UPS play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as the existence of Ub immunoreactivity in AD-linked neuronal inclusions, including neurofibrillary tangles, is observed in all types of AD cases. Current investigations have shown that components of the UPS can be connected with the early stage of AD, which is characterized by synaptic dysfunction, and to the late phases of the disease, marked by neurodegeneration.

Molecular Mechanisms of Metal Toxicity in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, which is progressively affecting elderly people. The dyshomeostasis of biometals and accumulation of toxic metals are usually observed in numerous neurodegenerative diseases including AD. In the central nervous system, metal imbalance-caused neurotoxic activities are usually linked with decreased enzymatic activities, increased aggregation of proteins, and oxidative stress, where a series of processes can result in neurodegeneration and cell death.

Molecular Insight into the Therapeutic Promise of Targeting for Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes chronic cognitive dysfunction. Most of the AD cases are late onset, and the apolipoprotein E () isoform is a key genetic risk factor. The gene has 3 key alleles in humans including , , and .

Spectrum of Disease and Prescription Pattern for Outpatients with Neurological Disorders: An Empirical Pilot Study in Bangladesh.

Background: Neurological disorders represent one of the most prominent causes of morbidity and mortality that adversely affect the lifestyle of patients and a major percentage of these diseases exists in developing countries.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and prescription pattern for outpatients with neurological disorders in Bangladesh.

Methods: The study was conducted on 1,684 patients in 6 hospitals (National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College, Sir Salimullah Medical College, and Apollo Hospitals Dhaka) of the Dhaka City from March 2014 to June 2015.