The Association Between Experienced Discrimination and Pain in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study.

Background: The relationship between experienced discrimination and its effects on pain interference and management among racial disparities is not well explored. This research investigated these associations among Black and White U.S.

Advancing diversity in spine surgery: the critical role of professional societies and foundations.

This manuscript examines the challenges and initiatives within organizations associated with spine surgery to enhance diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI), focusing on the systemic barriers that hinder the representation of women and underrepresented in medicine (URiM) minorities. Highlighting the contributions of pioneering individuals who overcame racial and gender discrimination to forge paths in these fields, it stresses the importance of professional societies and foundations in promoting DEI. Despite advancements, legal challenges and recent legislation in various states threaten to undermine DEI efforts, presenting a critical moment for organizations to reassess and reinforce their strategies.

Association of geographical disparities and segregation in regional treatment facilities for Black patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in the United States.

Background And Objectives: This study investigates geographic disparities in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) care for Black patients and aims to explore the association with segregation in treatment facilities. Understanding these dynamics can guide efforts to improve healthcare outcomes for marginalized populations.

Methods: This cohort study evaluated regional differences in segregation for Black patients with aSAH and the association with geographic variations in disparities from 2016 to 2020.

The impact of historical redlining on neurosurgeon distribution and reimbursement in modern neighborhoods.

Background: This study examines the lasting impact of historical redlining on contemporary neurosurgical care access, highlighting the need for equitable healthcare in historically marginalized communities.

Objective: To investigate how redlining affects neurosurgeon distribution and reimbursement in U.S.

The Role of County-Level Persistent Poverty in Stroke Mortality in the USA.

Stroke is a major health concern in the USA, disproportionately affecting socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. This study investigates the link between persistent poverty and stroke mortality rates in residents aged 65 and above, positing that sustained economic challenges at the county level correlate with an increase in stroke-related deaths. Persistent poverty refers to a long-term state where a significant portion of a population lives below the poverty threshold for an extended period, typically measured over several decades.

Race and socioeconomic disparities in mortality and end-of-life care following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: This study explores racial and socioeconomic disparities in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) care, highlighting the impact on treatment and outcomes. The study aims to shed light on inequities and inform strategies for reducing disparities in healthcare delivery.

Methods: In this cohort study the National Inpatient Sample database was queried for patient admissions with ruptured aSAH from 2016 to 2020.

Racial and gender disparities in traumatic brain injury clinical trial enrollment.

Objective: Despite the increasing number of women and racial/ethnic minorities sustaining traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), they are underrepresented in TBI clinical trials. This study aimed to evaluate gender and racial diversity in enrolled cohorts of TBI clinical trials to identify trends and predictors of increased disparity over time.

Methods: The authors reviewed TBI clinical trials with reported results registered on the website ClinicalTrials.

Racial Disparities in Employment Status After Moderate/Severe Traumatic Brain Injuries in Southeast Michigan.

Objective: To examine the progress made in recent decades by assessing the employment rates of Black and non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients after traumatic brain injury (TBI), controlling for pre-TBI employment status and education status.

Design: Retrospective analysis in a cohort of patients treated in Southeast Michigan at major trauma centers in more recent years (February 2010 to December 2019).

Setting: Southeastern Michigan Traumatic Brain Injury Model System (TBIMS): 1 of 16 TBIMSs across the United States.

Radiopathologic predictors of recurrence in patients with a gross totally resected atypical meningioma.

Background: Atypical meningiomas (AM) comprise a heterogeneous conglomeration of meningiomas with higher local recurrence rates than their benign counterparts. Although adjuvant therapy following subtotal resection is the standard, the use of adjuvant therapy following gross total resection (GTR) remains controversial. This study seeks to add to the literature by identifying radiopathologic predictors of recurrence in patients with a GTR AM and better identify those patients who may benefit from adjuvant therapy.

The significant impact of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on in-hospital mortality of elderly patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: A retrospective observational study.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the main causes of death and disability among the elderly patient population. This study aimed to assess the predictors of in-hospital mortality of elderly patients with moderate to severe TBI who presented during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods: In this retrospective analytical study, all elderly patients with moderate to severe TBI who were referred to our center between March 2nd, 2020 to August 1st, 2020 were investigated and compared against the TBI patients receiving treatment during the same time period within the year 2019.

Dynamics of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio can be associated with clinical outcomes of children with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: A retrospective observational study.

Background: The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been reported to be associated with clinical outcomes of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the dynamics of NLR and clinical outcomes of pediatric patients with moderate to severe TBI.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical data of a total of 374 pediatric patients with moder-ate to severe TBI who were treated in our department between May 2016 and May 2020.

Predictors of poor clinical outcome in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy undergoing cervical laminectomy and fusion.

Background: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a common degenerative disease that arises from spinal cord compression and injury. Laminectomy with posterior spinal fusion (LPSF) is one of the most common approaches used to treat patients with CSM. The present study aimed to evaluate predictors of poor clinical outcome in patients with CSM undergoing LPSF.

The impact of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) on neurosurgical practice and training: a review article.

The 2019 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has affected all of society at different levels. Similarly, COVID-19 has significantly impacted every medical field, including neurosurgery. By exposing scarcities in the healthcare industry and requiring the reallocation of available resources towards the priority setting and away from elective surgeries and outpatient visits, the pandemic posed new, unprecedented challenges to the medical community.

Biomechanical analysis of motion following sacroiliac joint fusion using lateral sacroiliac screws with or without lumbosacral instrumented fusion.

Background: Sacroiliac joint hypermobility or aberrant mechanics may be a source of pain. The purpose of this study was to assess sacroiliac joint range of motion after simulated adjacent lumbosacral instrumented fusion, with or without sacroiliac joint fusion, with lateral sacroiliac screws.

Methods: In this in vitro biomechanical study, seven cadaveric specimens were tested on a six-degrees-of-freedom machine under load control.

Outcomes of bilateral sacroiliac joint fusions and the importance of understanding potential coexisting lumbosacral pathology that might also require surgical treatment.

Only one study in the literature describes performing a bilateral sacroiliac joint fusion, and the results were poor. Many patients needing a bilateral sacroiliac joint fusion frequently have had previous lumbosacral surgeries and present with lumbosacral pain as well. This study reviews our results in consecutive patients having had a bilateral sacroiliac joint fusion over a five-year period.

Racial and ethnic disparities in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases: importance to the practicing neurosurgeon.

Objectives: In various surgical procedures, evidence for racial/ethnic disparities has continued to grow in recent years. Our purpose was to review the current literature regarding racial/ethnic disparities in the United States in the surgical treatment and outcome of three different cerebrovascular disease entities: carotid stenosis, intracranial aneurysm, and cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM).

Methods: We conducted an electronic search of literature published between January 1, 1966 and December 10, 2005 using MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, CINAHL, and Science Citation Index (Web of Science), along with manual reference checking, resulting in 313 screened items.

The role of race in time to treatment after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Objective: Blacks have higher mortality rates from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) than Caucasians. The time to treatment for aneurysmal SAH has been found to correlate with mortality and outcome. Therefore, we examined racial differences in the time to treatment of aneurysmal SAH among patients from the Greater Cincinnati area.