Publications by authors named "Sonia Toor"
Aim: To determine whether horizontal fusional vergences are comparable when measured using a prism bar and synoptophore.
Methods: Thirty two participants (18-23 years) had their blur, break, and recovery points measured for convergence and divergence amplitudes using a prism bar (6 m) and synoptophore. All participants had VA of 0.
Purpose: It is considered normal to have a small amount of superior rectus weakness in laevo and dextro elevation; however, there is no documented definition for these normal parameters within a healthy young adult population using ocular movement testing and the synoptophore. The aim of this study was to collect normative data on the degree of superior rectus underaction in healthy young adults.
Method: Twenty-nine healthy adults (3 males and 26 females, mean age 20.
Background: Previous research has revealed that the majority of children with anisometropic amblyopia have asymmetrical accommodation. The aim of this preliminary study was to determine whether the type of accommodation response was associated with a poor amblyopia treatment outcome in the same patients.
Methods: The type of accommodation response of 26 children with anisometropic amblyopia was determined in a previous study.
Aim: To compare the effect of induced vertical diplopia (small and large separation) on reading speed and accuracy.
Methods: The Radner Reading Chart (RRC) was used to measure reading speed (correct words per minute (wpm)) and accuracy (percentage). Accuracy was measured using two different methods: 'accuracy-omission' where only the omission of a word reduced the score, and 'accuracy-addition and omission' where any error reduced the score.
Background/aims: To investigate the presence of asymmetrical accommodation in hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia.
Methods: Accommodation in each eye and binocular vergence were measured simultaneously using a PlusoptiX SO4 photorefractor in 26 children aged 4-8 years with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia and 13 controls (group age-matched) while they viewed a detailed target moving in depth.
Results: Without spectacles, only 5 (19%) anisometropes demonstrated symmetrical accommodation (within the 95% CI of the mean gain of the sound eye of the anisometropic group), whereas 21 (81%) demonstrated asymmetrical accommodation.
Convergence and Accommodation Development Is Preprogrammed in Premature Infants.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
August 2015
Purpose: This study investigated whether vergence and accommodation development in preterm infants is preprogrammed or is driven by experience.
Methods: Thirty-two healthy infants, born at mean 34 weeks gestation (range, 31.2-36 weeks), were compared with 45 healthy full-term infants (mean 40.
Background: Although eye exercises appear to help heterophoria, convergence insufficiency, and intermittent strabismus, results can be confounded by placebo, practice, and encouragement effects. This study assessed objective changes in vergence and accommodation responses in naive young adults after a 2-week period of eye exercises under controlled conditions to determine the extent to which treatment effects occur over other factors.
Methods: Asymptomatic young adults were randomly assigned to one of two no-treatment (control) groups or to one of six eye exercise groups: accommodation, vergence, both, convergence in excess of accommodation, accommodation in excess of convergence, and placebo.
Aim: This paper presents Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) and orthoptic findings in a sample of typical young adults who considered themselves to have normal eyesight apart from weak spectacles.
Methods: The CISS questionnaire was administered, followed by a full orthoptic evaluation, to 167 university undergraduate and postgraduate students during the recruitment phase of another study. The primary criterion for recruitment to this study was that participants 'felt they had normal eyesight'.
Clinical test responses to different orthoptic exercise regimes in typical young adults.
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt
March 2014
Purpose: The relative efficiency of different eye exercise regimes is unclear, and in particular the influences of practice, placebo and the amount of effort required are rarely considered. This study measured conventional clinical measures following different regimes in typical young adults.
Methods: A total of 156 asymptomatic young adults were directed to carry out eye exercises three times daily for 2 weeks.
Purpose: To describe different patterns of blinking in patients undergoing a visual field test and to establish whether the blink parameters are related to threshold variability.
Methods: Thirty-nine patients with diagnosed or suspected glaucoma were recruited to undertake a perimetric task twice. Blinks were detected with a video eye-tracker system that records at a sampling rate of 60 Hz.