Guidelines for Parkinson's disease treatment: consensus from the Movement Disorders Scientific Department of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology - motor symptoms.

The treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) is challenging, especially since it is considered highly individualized. The Brazilian Academy of Neurology has recognized the need to disseminate knowledge about the management of PD treatment, adapting the best evidence to the Brazilian reality. Thus, the main published treatment guidelines were reviewed based on the recommendations of group from the Movement Disorders Scientific Department of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology.

Motor Cortex Activation During Writing in Focal Upper-Limb Dystonia: An fNIRS Study.

Background: Functional imaging studies have associated dystonia with abnormal activation in motor and sensory brain regions. Commonly used techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging impose physical constraints, limiting the experimental paradigms. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) offers a new noninvasive possibility for investigating cortical areas and the neural correlates of complex motor behaviors in unconstrained settings.

Movement disorders in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica: A clinical marker of neurological disability.

Introduction: Movement disorders are not rare in demyelinating diseases but there are few studies comparing their frequency between multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Our aim was to determine the frequency and the related features of movement disorders in a cohort of patients with multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

Methods: It is a cross-sectional study of patients with multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

The prevalence of PRKRA mutations in idiopathic dystonia.

Introduction: DYT-PRKRA (DYT16) is considered a rare cause of dystonia-parkinsonism. The significance of this gene as a cause of dystonia and its phenotypical characterization must be determined in larger cohorts. We aimed to investigate the role of PRKRA in patients with dystonia.

Average annual cost of Parkinson's disease in São Paulo, Brazil, with a focus on disease-related motor symptoms.

Background: Although Parkinson's disease is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease worldwide, its cost in Brazil - South America's largest country - is unknown.

Objective: The goal of this study was to calculate the average annual cost of Parkinson's disease in the city of São Paulo (Brazil), with a focus on disease-related motor symptoms.

Subjects And Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis using a bottom-up approach (ie, from the society's perspective).

Systematic Review and Critical Analysis of Cost Studies Associated with Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease worldwide, affecting more than four million people. Typically, it affects individuals above 45, when they are still productive, compromising both aging and quality of life. Therefore, the cost of the disease must be identified, so that the use of resources can be rational and efficient.