[Health consequences of violence against women by the couple].

Intimate partner violence against women (IPV) has devastating effects on the healthcare and well-being of women and their children. Physical, psychological, and social consequences, a worse perception of their own health, and loss of quality of life are well-documented, while aftereffects persist in time even after the end of abuse. Psychological consequences of abuse last longer and are more serious.

[Email in a dedicated headache clinic: experience gained over a five-year period].

Introduction: The use of email can facilitate communication between the different levels of an organisation. Our primary care physicians have had an email service in the dedicated headache clinic (DHC) since November 2009, and our aim is therefore to analyse the use of email over that five-year period.

Patients And Methods: Data concerning the emails sent up until October 2014 were collected prospectively.

Pressure pain sensitivity map of multifocal nummular headache: a case report.

Background: Nummular headache (NH) is most commonly a localized unifocal headache; however, some patients infrequently exhibit multifocal symptomatic painful head areas retaining all features of NH. We present the pressure pain sensitivity map of an adolescent with multifocal NH.

Case Presentation: We describe a case of a 14 year-old-girl with a 3-year history of continuous pain in four rounded areas, all of them with the same size and shape.

[Referrals from primary care to a dedicated headache clinic: analysis of the first 1,000 patients].

Introduction: It is commonplace practice in dedicated clinics or headache units to deal with complex patients referred from general neurology clinics. In our centre, part of the schedule of the dedicated headache clinic (DHC) is reserved for patients referred from primary care (PC) in the form of one-stop clinics.

Aims: To analyse both the characteristics of the patients referred by PC to DHC and the suitability of the agreed referral criteria, and to compare them with the first visits due to headache in a general neurology clinic.

[Encephalitis due to the Epstein-Barr virus: a description of a clinical case and review of the literature].

INTRODUCTION. Infection by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) -either as a primary infection, a reactivation or an active chronic infection- can give rise to several clinical forms of involvement of the central nervous system. We report a case of encephalitis due to EBV produced by viral reactivation in an immunocompetent patient which initially mimicked, from the clinical and electroencephalographic point of view, encephalitis due to type 1 herpes simplex virus (HSV-1).

[Occipital neuralgia: clinical and therapeutic characteristics of a series of 14 patients].

INTRODUCTION. Occipital neuralgia is a pain in the distribution of the occipital nerves, accompanied by hypersensitivity to touch in the corresponding territory. AIMS.

Nummular headache and epicrania fugax: possible association of epicranias in eight patients.

Objectives: Epicrania fugax (EF) is a novel syndrome presenting with brief pain paroxysms that always start in a particular area of the head to spread immediately either forward or backward. Paroxysms stem from a focal area, in which a well-shaped continuous pain reminiscent of the symptomatic area described in nummular headache (NH) can be present. We aimed to analyze the association of these two epicranial headaches in eight patients.

[Primary stabbing headache: clinical characteristics and response to treatment in a series of 67 patients].

Introduction: Primary stabbing headache (PSH) is defined by the presence of short stabbing pains in the first branch of the trigeminal nerve. According to population-based studies, it is very prevalent, but most cases present stabbing pains with low frequencies and intensities that do not lead the patient to seek medical attention.

Aims: We report on 67 cases of PSH attended in the headache service of a tertiary hospital.

Non-traumatic supraorbital neuralgia: a clinical study of 13 cases.

Introduction: Supraorbital neuralgia (SON) is an uncommon disorder characterized by pain in the area supplied by the supraorbital nerve, which covers the medial aspect of the forehead, together with tenderness over the supraorbital notch or along the course of the nerve. Few hospital-based series of non-trauma SON have been published.

Methods And Results: We prospectively analyzed 13 patients (11 females, two males) diagnosed with SON in a headache outpatient clinic over a four-year period.

[Hemicrania continua: characteristics and therapeutic experience in a series of 36 patients].

Introduction: Hemicrania continua is characterised by a continuous unilateral pain, which frequently gets worse in association with autonomic symptoms. It is probably little known and underdiagnosed. Its diagnosis requires a response to indomethacin, which is not always well tolerated.

Nummular headache with and without exacerbations: comparative characteristics in a series of 72 patients.

Objectives: Apart from the characteristic chronic head pain in a coin-shaped circumscribed area, superimposed exacerbations have been described from early reports of nummular headache (NH). In a prospective series, we aim to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics between cases of exacerbations (ENH) and non-exacerbations (NENH) in NH.

Methods And Results: Seventy-two NH patients (44 female, 28 male) attending a headache outpatient office.

Peripheral nerve blocks: a therapeutic alternative for hemicrania continua.

Objectives: A complete response to indomethacin is required for the diagnosis of hemicrania continua (HC). Nevertheless, patients may develop side effects leading to withdrawal of this drug. Several alternatives have been proposed with no consistent effectiveness.

[Hypnic headache: characteristics of a series of 13 new cases and proposal for modification of the diagnostic criteria].

Introduction: Hypnic headache is a rare condition, since less than 150 cases have been reported to date. The second edition of the International Headache Classification (IHC2) has set out the diagnostic criteria of this condition, although some of them can be considered excessively strict.

Aims: To present a series of 13 new cases of hypnic headache that were dealt with in the headache unit of a tertiary hospital and to analyse how well they fit the diagnostic criteria of the IHC2.

[Epicrania fugax: the clinical characteristics of a series of 18 patients].

Introduction: Epicrania fugax is a recently reported condition consisting in brief painful paroxysms that begin in the posterior regions of the brain and irradiate towards the ipsilateral eye, nose or temple.

Aims: To present 18 cases of epicrania fugax from a monographic headache centre in a tertiary hospital and to analyse their demographic and clinical features, as well as the indication and response to prophylactic treatment.

Patients And Methods: Between March 2008, when epicrania fugax was first reported, and March 2011, of a total of 1210 patients who were attended in that service (1.

Bifocal nummular headache: a series of 6 new cases.

Objective: We aimed to report 6 new cases of bifocal nummular headache (NH), showing their clinical characteristics and comparing them with those formerly described.

Background: NH is a focal head pain felt in a small, well-circumscribed, coin-shaped area. Among all the reported cases (over 200), 6 patients localized their pain in 2 or more separate areas.

Epicrania fugax with backward radiation: clinical characteristics of nine new cases.

Epicrania fugax (EF) is a novel syndrome, described as a paroxysmal and brief head pain, starting in posterior cranial regions and rapidly spreading forward ipsilateral eye, nose or forehead. Two patients with comparable clinical features stemming from frontal scalp to ipsilateral posterior regions have been recently described and proposed as backward radiation epicrania fugax (BREF). We report a new series of nine BREF and compare their clinical characteristics with 18 forward radiation EF (FREF).

[Encephalitis due to antibodies against the NMDA receptor. A case report of a female patient with no associated tumour and a literature review].

Introduction: A severe form of acute encephalitis associated to antibodies against the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor has recently been reported. This clinical picture occurs in young people, not always with an underlying tumour and, despite the initial severity, if identified and treated at an early stage, complete recovery without any kind of sequelae can be achieved. We report on a new case and review the body of knowledge currently available on this recently identified condition.

[Protocol to evaluate the effectiveness of a consciousness-raising and training intervention for primary care professionals, in order to improve detection of domestic violence (ISFVIDAP)].

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention aimed at primary care physicians and nurses to improve the detection of domestic violence.

Design: Community intervention study with control, randomized in clusters, pragmatic, open, and with parallel groups.

Setting: Primary care centres in Spain.