Anthropometric models to estimate fat mass at 3 days, 15 and 54 weeks.

Background: Currently available infant body composition measurement methods are impractical for routine clinical use. The study developed anthropometric equations (AEs) to estimate fat mass (FM, kg) during the first year using air displacement plethysmography (PEA POD® Infant Body Composition System) and Infant quantitative magnetic resonance (Infant-QMR) as criterion methods.

Methods: Multi-ethnic full-term infants (n = 191) were measured at 3 days, 15 and 54 weeks.

No sustained effects of an intervention to prevent excessive GWG on offspring fat and lean mass at 54 weeks: Yet a greater head circumference persists.

Background: LIFT (Lifestyle Intervention for Two) trial found that intervening in women with overweight and obesity through promoting healthy diet and physical activity to control gestational weight gain (GWG) resulted in neonates with greater weight, lean mass and head circumference and similar fat mass at birth. Whether these neonate outcomes are sustained at 1-year was the focus of this investigation.

Methods: Measures included body composition by PEA POD air displacement plethysmography (ADP) and Echo Infant quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) and head circumference at birth (n = 169), 14 (n = 136) and 54 weeks (n = 137).

Increased Visceral Adipose Tissue Without Weight Retention at 59 Weeks Postpartum.

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether controlling maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) influences adipose tissue distribution at 1 year postpartum.

Methods: Women with overweight or obesity (n = 210, BMI ≥ 25 or ≥ 30) were randomized to a lifestyle intervention (LI) designed to control GWG or to usual obstetrical care (UC). Measures included anthropometry, whole-body magnetic resonance imaging for visceral (VAT), intermuscular, and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and cardiometabolic risk factors in pregnancy (15 and 35 weeks) and after delivery (15 and 59 weeks).

Greater Neonatal Fat-Free Mass and Similar Fat Mass Following a Randomized Trial to Control Excess Gestational Weight Gain.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of controlling maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) in the second and third trimesters on neonate body composition.

Methods: Two hundred ten healthy women with overweight (25 > BMI < 30) or obesity (BMI ≥ 30) were randomly assigned to a lifestyle intervention (LI) program focused on controlling GWG through nutrition and activity behaviors or to usual obstetrical care (UC). Infant fat and fat-free mass (FFM) at birth were measured by using air displacement plethysmography (PEA POD) and by using quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR).

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry prediction of adipose tissue depots in children and adolescents.

Background: The measurement of adipose tissue (AT) depots in vivo requires expensive imaging methods not accessible to most clinicians and researchers. The study aim was to derive mathematical models to predict total AT (TAT) and subdepots from total body fat derived from a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan.

Methods: Models were developed to predict magnetic resonance imaging-derived TAT and subdepots subcutaneous AT, visceral AT, and intermuscular AT from DXA total body fat (Fat(DXA)) using cross-sectional data (time 0 (T0)) and validated results using 1 (T1) and 2 (T2) y follow-up data.

A cellular level approach to predicting resting energy expenditure: Evaluation of applicability in adolescents.

We previously derived a cellular level approach for a whole-body resting energy expenditure (REE) prediction model by using organ and tissue mass measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with their individual cellularity and assumed stable-specific resting metabolic rates. Although this approach predicts REE well in both young and elderly adults, there were no studies in adolescents that specifically evaluated REE in relation to organ-tissue mass. It is unclear whether the approach can be applied to rapidly growing adolescents.