Variability of lesions and lesion patterns in possible treponematosis cases: Insights from an archaeological site in Tomar, Portugal.

This study aims to describe various types of skeletal lesions and lesion patterns observed in five potential cases of treponematosis from the same archaeological site. The study examines five adult skeletons recovered from Santa Maria do Olival, Tomar, Portugal. Macroscopic observations were conducted on all remains, supplemented by relevant radiographic investigations.

Comparing morphological () and metric (long bone length) sex estimation methods in archaeological collections.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the internal consistency of sex estimation using metric (long bone length) and morphological () methodologies from different bones and across different archaeological populations from different regions. Sex was estimated using characteristics of the pelvis and compared with sex estimations using long bone length. Portuguese (659 females; 906 males) and English (141 females; 277 males) archaeological collections were analysed in this study.