PM-bound trace elements in pan-European urban atmosphere.

Although many studies have discussed the impact of Europe's air quality, very limited research focused on the detailed phenomenology of ambient trace elements (TEs) in PM in urban atmosphere. This study compiled long-term (2013-2022) measurements of speciation of ambient urban PM from 55 sites of 7 countries (Switzerland, Spain, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, UK), aiming to elucidate the phenomenology of 20 TEs in PM in urban Europe. The monitoring sites comprised urban background (UB, n = 26), traffic (TR, n = 10), industrial (IN, n = 5), suburban background (SUB, n = 7), and rural background (RB, n = 7) types.

Point of Care Ultrasound Identification and Aspiration of a Neck Lymph Node.

The tissue diagnosis and staging of all types of lung cancer is foundational for prognosis and establishing the optimal treatment plan. In order to appropriately stage lung cancer, the highest stage should be established using the 8 edition TNM criteria, where tumor size (T), nodal involvement (N), and metastasis (M) are all taken into account. Establishing a tissue diagnosis may involve the use of CT guided biopsy, navigational bronchoscopy, endobronchial biopsy, EBUS, percutaneous lymph node biopsy and/or excisional biopsy of supraclavicular nodes.

Diurnal source apportionment of organic and inorganic atmospheric particulate matter at a high-altitude mountain site under summer conditions (Sierra Nevada; Spain).

High-altitude mountain areas are sentinel ecosystems for global environmental changes such as anthropogenic pollution. In this study, we report a source apportionment of particulate material with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 μm (PM) in a high-altitude site in southern Europe (Sierra Nevada Station; SNS (2500 m a.s.

Factors Associated with Radiation Toxicity and Survival in Patients with Presumed Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Empiric Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy.

Objectives: Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) has become the standard of care for inoperable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Many patients cannot safely undergo a biopsy because of poor pulmonary function and are empirically treated with radiotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate factors associated with radiation toxicity in patients receiving empiric SABR.

Activation properties of aerosol particles as cloud condensation nuclei at urban and high-altitude remote sites in southern Europe.

Understanding the activation properties of aerosol particles as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) is important for the climate and hydrological cycle, but their properties are not fully understood. In this study, the CCN activation properties of aerosols are investigated at two different sites in southern Spain: an urban background station in Granada and a high altitude mountain station in the Sierra Nevada National Park, with a horizontal separation of 21 km and vertical separation of 1820 m. CCN activity at the urban environment is driven by primary sources, mainly road traffic.

Phenomenology and geographical gradients of atmospheric deposition in southwestern Europe: Results from a multi-site monitoring network.

This article presents the results of atmospheric deposition from a 15-sites network which cover remote, agricultural, urban and industrial areas in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands, with the aim of exploring geographical, climatic and natural vs anthropogenic gradients. Annual average fluxes of global deposition, discriminating insoluble (3,5-20,7 g m year) and soluble-inorganic (7,1-45,5 g m year) aerosols are discussed, seasonal patterns are regarded, and an attempt to estimate the impact of the main sources is presented. The wide range of atmospheric deposition fluxes (DF) regarding soluble (DF) and insoluble (DF) has been investigated taking into consideration the contribution from nearby to long-distance sources, such as African dust, or regional-to-nearby ones, which include agricultural dust in the Ebro Valley, industrial emissions at different parts, urban dust at all cities, or saline dust resuspension from a dissicated lake bed.

Assessment of Optimal Screening Tests for the Detection of an Inflammatory Myositis-associated Interstitial Lung Disease.

Background Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common pathologic consequence of the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, and it may be the initial presentation of autoimmune disease in many cases. There are no well-established guidelines to direct the evaluation of this disease in these cases. This study looked at the utility of four common serologic tests to screen for a myositis-associated ILD.

Poll Everywhere to Encourage Learner Satisfaction and Participation in Internal Medicine Fellowship Didactics.

Active learning improves self-reported engagement and satisfaction in medical education. Audience response systems are one mechanism of encouraging participation, especially in a setting in which learners in varying educational levels are present. Three fellowships participated in this educational quality improvement project where Poll Everywhere® was incorporated into didactics.

[Primary HIV resistance in Buenos Aires metropolitan area].

Surveillance of primary drug resistance is critical to optimize antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV. Mutations to be monitored are defined in a reference list of the World Health Organization (WHO), which does not include mutations for new drugs, such as rilpivirine. We undertook a retrospective analysis of medical records of ART naive patients treated at a specialized HIV/AIDS center, evaluating the prevalence of WHO mutations and mutations specific for rilpivirine.

Contribution of mine wastes to atmospheric metal deposition in the surrounding area of an abandoned heavily polluted mining district (Rio Tinto mines, Spain).

The present study seeks to estimate the impact of abandoned mine wastes on the levels and chemical profile of total atmospheric deposition in one of the oldest and largest mining districts in Europe (Rio Tinto mines, Iberian Pyrite Belt), on the basis of a complete geochemical characterization of particulate matter samples periodically collected in five sampling stations located around the mining district between March 2009 and February 2011. The annual levels of total bulk deposition (soluble and insoluble fractions) registered in the Rio Tinto Mining District ranged between 18 and 43 g/m(2) depending on the distance from the sampling station with regard to the mine waste deposits. As a general pattern in the area, high mass levels of Zn and Cu were deposited in a range of 9-62 mg/m(2) not only in the insoluble but also in the soluble fraction.

[Update on cardiac imaging techniques. Echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance and multidetector computed tomography].

This review of progress in cardiac imaging techniques summarizes the most significant development reported in the last year on different echocardiographic techniques and their application in a range of settings, from the treatment of heart failure to their use in intraoperative monitoring and guiding interventional procedures. Large sections are devoted to recent developments in three-dimensional imaging and, because of its clinical importance, to magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, there is a comprehensive update on the use of multidetector computed tomography in cardiology.

Deferasirox for the treatment of chronic iron overload in transfusional hemosiderosis.

Purpose: This report describes the Food and Drug Administration's review of data and analyses leading to the approval of the oral iron chelator, deferasirox for the treatment of chronic iron overload due to transfusional hemosiderosis.

Experimental Design: The FDA reviewed findings of a controlled, open-label, randomized multicenter phase III study of deferasirox vs. deferoxamine in 586 patients with beta-thalessemia and transfusional hemosiderosis.

Geochemical variations in aeolian mineral particles from the Sahara-Sahel Dust Corridor.

The Sahara-Sahel Dust Corridor runs from Chad to Mauritania and expels huge amounts of mineral aerosols into the Atlantic Ocean. Data on samples collected from Algeria, Chad, Niger, and Western Sahara illustrate how corridor dust mineralogy and chemistry relate to geological source and weathering/transport history. Dusts sourced directly from igneous and metamorphic massifs are geochemically immature, retaining soluble cations (e.