Effect of neuromuscular injury prevention strategies on injury rates in adolescent males playing sport: a systematic review protocol.

Objective: This review will assess the effectiveness of neuromuscular injury prevention strategies on injury rates among adolescent males playing sports.

Introduction: Adolescent athletes are predisposed to injuries during this period of growth. Growth-related injury risk factors can be mitigated by implementing appropriate neuromuscular injury prevention strategies.

Scapular force: Couple ratios in healthy shoulders - An observational study reflecting typical values.

Background: Scapular stability is primarily maintained through the action of the scapular stabilisers and not through bony stability. The values of the force couple ratios of the scapular stabilisers remain largely unknown.

Objectives: To determine typical scapular force couple strength ratios in the pain-free shoulders of healthy female and male participants.

An electromyographic and kinematic study of the scapular stabilisers.

Background: The scapular stabilisers, especially the actions of the force couples around the scapula, have an impact on the biomechanics of the scapula and the orientation of the glenoid.

Objectives: The aim of our study was to determine both the muscle activity and the correlation between the muscle activity ratio of the lower force couple (the serratus anterior lower fibres and the lower trapezius).

Methods: This was a quantitative cross-sectional study.