Nanomaterials-based immunosensors for avian influenza virus detection.

Avian influenza viruses (AIV) are capable of infecting a considerable proportion of the world's population each year, leading to severe epidemics with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The methods now used to diagnose influenza virus A include the Western blot test (WB), hemagglutination inhibition (HI), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). But because of their labor-intensiveness, lengthy procedures, need for costly equipment, and inexperienced staff, these approaches are considered inappropriate.

Bioinorganic Synthesis of Sodium Polytungstate/Polyoxometalate in Microbial Kombucha Media for Precise Detection of Doxorubicin.

In this study, we have developed a new platform of polyoxometalate as a biocompatible and electrosensitive polymeric biosensor for the accurate detection of doxorubicin. For this purpose, we used a green synthesis approach using tartaric acid, glutamic acid, and kombucha solvent. Thanks to its bioinorganic components, the biogenic approach can chemically modify and improve the performance of the biosensor, which was experimentally confirmed.

Hybrid of sodium polytungstate polyoxometalate supported by the green substrate for photocatalytic degradation of auramine-O dye.

Nowadays, textile industries have severely polluted the ecosystem and water sources via disposal of highly thermo- and photo-stable dyes within the ecology that require practical strategies to remove them from nature. In studies, the photocatalytic disinfection technique has been shown to have widespread applications in indoor air, environmental health, detection, biological, biomedical, laboratory hospital, pharmaceutical food industry, plant safety, waste water, effluents disposal, and drinking water disinfection. Herein, the sodium polytungstate (SPT) polyoxometalate (POM) was synthesized through a multi-step production procedure and hence modified via employing a green protocol by using tartaric acid, glutamic acid, and kombucha solvent toward efficient and total complete removal of the highly toxic, stable, and carcinogenic auramine-O (AO) dye from aqueous media.

Bioactive Graphene Quantum Dots Based Polymer Composite for Biomedical Applications.

Today, nanomedicine seeks to develop new polymer composites to overcome current problems in diagnosing and treating common diseases, especially cancer. To achieve this goal, research on polymer composites has expanded so that, in recent years, interdisciplinary collaborations between scientists have been expanding day by day. The synthesis and applications of bioactive GQD-based polymer composites have been investigated in medicine and biomedicine.

Shape-controlled synthesis of zinc nanostructures mediating macromolecules for biomedical applications.

Zinc nanostructures (ZnONSs) have attracted much attention due to their morphological, physicochemical, and electrical properties, which were entailed for various biomedical applications such as cancer and diabetes treatment, anti-inflammatory activity, drug delivery. ZnONS play an important role in inducing cellular apoptosis, triggering excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and releasing zinc ions due to their inherent nature and specific shape. Therefore, several new synthetic organometallic method has been developed to prepare ZnO crystalline nanostructures with controlled size and shape.

Differentiable detection of ethanol/methanol in biological fluids using prompt graphene-based electrochemical nanosensor coupled with catalytic complex of nickel oxide/8-hydroxyquinoline.

Serious health hazards of volatile organic compounds such as methanol and ethanol for living species and their adverse effects on the environment raised a global requirement for developing a portable, precise, and sensitive detection platform capable of simultaneous and differentiable detection of alcohols in aquatic biological and non-biological fluids. Each year, methanol toxicity causes serious healthcare problems and leads to high mortalities in developing countries. Hence, designing and developing a practical nanosensor for diagnostic applications and environmental monitoring is crucial.

Graphene-Based Femtogram-Level Sensitive Molecularly Imprinted Polymer of SARS-CoV-2.

Rapid distribution of viral-induced diseases and weaknesses of common diagnostic platforms for accurate and sensitive identification of infected people raises an urgent demand for the design and fabrication of biosensors capable of early detection of viral biomarkers with high specificity. Accordingly, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as artificial antibodies prove to be an ideal preliminary detection platform for specific identification of target templates, with superior sensitivity and detection limit (DL). MIPs detect the target template with the "lock and key" mechanism, the same as natural monoclonal antibodies, and present ideal stability at ambient temperature, which improves their practicality for real applications.

Antibody mounting capability of 1D/2D carbonaceous nanomaterials toward rapid-specific detection of SARS-CoV-2.

Carbonaceous immunosensors are ideal nanoplatforms for developing rapid, precise, and ultra-specific diagnostic kits capable of early detection of viral infectious illnesses such as COVID-19. However, developing a proper carbonic immunosensor requires stepwise protocols to find optimum operating conditions to minimize drawbacks. Herein, for the first time and through a stepwise protocol, activation, and monoclonal IgG antibody mounting capability of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) at two diverse outer diameters (ODs), viz.

Renewable Carbon Nanomaterials: Novel Resources for Dental Tissue Engineering.

Dental tissue engineering (TE) is undergoing significant modifications in dental treatments. TE is based on a triad of stem cells, signaling molecules, and scaffolds that must be understood and calibrated with particular attention to specific dental sectors. Renewable and eco-friendly carbon-based nanomaterials (CBMs), including graphene (G), graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), graphene quantum dots (GQD), carbon nanotube (CNT), MXenes and carbide, have extraordinary physical, chemical, and biological properties.

Bioinorganic Synthesis of Polyrhodanine Stabilized FeO/Graphene Oxide in Microbial Supernatant Media for Anticancer and Antibacterial Applications.

Polyrhodanines have been broadly utilized in diverse fields due to their attractive features. The effect of polyrhodanine- (PR-) based materials on human cells can be considered a controversial matter, while many contradictions exist. In this study, we focused on the synthesis of polyrhodanine/FeO modified by graphene oxide and the effect of kombucha (Ko) supernatant on results.

Recent Advancements in Polythiophene-Based Materials and their Biomedical, Geno Sensor and DNA Detection.

In this review, the unique properties of intrinsically conducting polymer (ICP) in biomedical engineering fields are summarized. Polythiophene and its valuable derivatives are known as potent materials that can broadly be applied in biosensors, DNA, and gene delivery applications. Moreover, this material plays a basic role in curing and promoting anti-HIV drugs.

Ultra-precise label-free nanosensor based on integrated graphene with Au nanostars toward direct detection of IgG antibodies of SARS-CoV-2 in blood.

Rapid distribution of airborne contagious pathogenic viruses such as SRAS-CoV-2 and their severely adverse impacts on different aspects of the human society, along with significant weaknesses of traditional diagnostic platforms, raised the global requirement for the design/fabrication of precise, sensitive, and rapid nanosystems capable of specific detection of viral illnesses with almost negligible false-negative results. To address this indispensable requirement, we have developed an ultra-precise fast diagnostic platform capable of detecting the trace of monoclonal IgG antibody against S1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 within infected patients' blood specimens with COVID-19 in about 1 min. The as-developed electrochemical-based nanosensor consists of a highly activated graphene-based platform in conjunction with Au nanostars, which can detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with a fantastic detection limit (DL) and sensitivity of 0.

Ultra-sensitive viral glycoprotein detection NanoSystem toward accurate tracing SARS-CoV-2 in biological/non-biological media.

Rapid person-to-person transfer of viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and their occasional mutations owing to the human activity and climate/ecological changes by the mankind led to creation of wrecking worldwide challenges. Such fast transferable pathogens requiring practical diagnostic setups to control their transfer chain and stop sever outbreaks in early stages of their appearance. Herein, we have addressed this urgent demand by designing a rapid electrochemical diagnostic kit composed of fixed/screen printed electrodes that can detect pathogenic viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and/or animal viruses through the differentiable fingerprint of their viral glycoproteins at different voltage positions.

Rapid ultrasound-assisted microextraction of atorvastatin in the sample of blood plasma by nickel metal organic modified with alumina nanoparticles.

In the present work, nickel-1,4-benzenedioxyacetic acid was synthesized as a rod-like metal organic material and then modified with alumina nanoparticles to synthesize nickel metal organic modified-Al O nanoparticles. The material was found as an efficient sorbent for the enrichment of atorvastatin in human blood plasma. After the extraction of the sample of plasma by ultrasound-assisted dispersive solid phase extraction, high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet was used to determine the quantitatively pre-concentrated interest analyte.

Superior X-ray Radiation Shielding Effectiveness of Biocompatible Polyaniline Reinforced with Hybrid Graphene Oxide-Iron Tungsten Nitride Flakes.

X-ray radiation is a harmful carcinogenic electromagnetic source that can adversely affect the health of living species and deteriorate the DNA of cells, thus it's vital to protect vulnerable sources from them. To address this flaw, the conductive polymeric structure of polyaniline (PANi) was reinforced with diverse filler loadings (i.e.

Picomolar-level detection of mercury within non-biological/biological aqueous media using ultra-sensitive polyaniline-FeO-silver diethyldithiocarbamate nanostructure.

Mercury as the 3rd most toxic, non-biodegradable, and carcinogenic pollutant can adversely affect the ecosystem and health of living species through its bioaccumulation within the nature that can affect the top consumer in the food chain; therefore, it is vital to sense/remove Hg within/from aqueous media using practical approaches. To address this matter, we modified the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with ultra-sensitive, interconnected, sulfurized, and porous nanostructure consisted of polyaniline-FeO-silver diethyldithiocarbamate (PANi-F-S) to enhance the sensitivity, selectivity, and limit of detection (LOD) of the sensor. Obtained results showed that at optimum conditions (i.

Coupled graphene oxide with hybrid metallic nanoparticles as potential electrochemical biosensors for precise detection of ascorbic acid within blood.

Ascorbic acid (AA) as an essential biological molecule for proper performance of body can act as a biological metric for precise detection of various kinds of disease through measuring the level of oxidative stress; thus its precise/dividable detection is an urgent requirement for development of advanced biosensors. To address this requirement, we decorated well-exfoliated graphene oxide (GO) with Ag and hybrid Ag-FeO metallic nanoparticles toward precise, real-time and repeatable detection of AA within the blood plasma samples via electrochemical approaches that led to the development of a retrievable biosensor. Outcome of performed evaluations showed that modification of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with selected additives significantly improved its sensitivity/selectivity.

Data on cytotoxic and antibacterial activity of synthesized FeO nanoparticles using .

The biosynthesis of materials using medicinal plants can be a low-cost and eco-friendly approach due to their extraordinary properties. Herein, we reported a facile synthesis of FeO nanoparticles using . The surface morphology, functional groups, and elemental analysis were done to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles.

Separation of Ni (II) from Industrial Wastewater by Kombucha Scoby as a Colony Consisted from Bacteria and Yeast: Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies.

Kombucha Scoby is a colony consisted from bacteria, yeast and cellulosic pellicle which has unique outcomes and performances in variety of fields. Along with antimicrobial and anti-toxicity of kombucha, it can be adapted to develop reactors for removal of heavy metals from waste water. The main objective of this study is to investigate the removal of Ni (II) ions from wastewater by Kombucha as a microorganism by considering the pH, time, temperature, the electrolyte solution, the buffer volume and type.

Construction of molecularly imprinted nanoparticles by employing ultrasound waves for selective determination of doxepin from human plasma samples: Modeling and optimization.

In this work, molecularly imprinted nanoparticles (MINPs) were applied as selective adsorbent for ultrasound-assisted micro-solid-phase extraction (UAMSPE) of doxepin (DP) from human plasma samples, which was then cleaned up, pre-concentrated and subjected to HPLC. The MINPs were synthesized based on a non-covalent approach by precipitation polymerization utilizing methacrylic acid and styrene as functional monomers, DP as template, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linker and 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. The obtained MINPs were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared and field emission scanning electron microscopy.

Zinc-based metal-organic frameworks as nontoxic and biodegradable platforms for biomedical applications: review study.

Development of biomedical systems for controllable drug delivery systems and construction of biosensors is imperative to reduce side effects of common treatment techniques and enhance the therapeutic efficacy. To address this issue, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as hybrid porous polymeric structures have attracted worldwide attention due to their unprecedented opportunities in vast range of applications in diverse fields including chemistry, biological, and medicinal science as gas storage/separation, sensing, and drug delivery systems. Recently, biomedical application has become an interesting and promising issue for development and usage of multi-functional MOFs.

Fabrication of size controlled nanocomposite based on zirconium alkoxide for enrichment of Gallic acid in biological and herbal tea samples.

In this work, novel water-dispersible size controlled nanocomposite based on zirconium alkoxide as metal organic precursor was fabricated and subsequently applied for rapid, efficient and selective preconcentration of gallic acid in human plasma and herbal tea samples. The resultant nanocomposite (FeO@Zr(OtBu)@Laurate) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope and X-ray spectrometer, while laurate forms aggregates on the surface of the nanocomposite and thereby improves sorption of gallic acid. The effects of some variables on efficiency of gallic acid from real samples were optimized by central composite design; while optimum points were achieved as follows: pH 3.

Ultrasound-accelerated synthesis of gold nanoparticles modified choline chloride functionalized graphene oxide as a novel sensitive bioelectrochemical sensor: Optimized meloxicam detection using CCD-RSM design and application for human plasma sample.

In this research, gold nanoparticles modified choline chloride functionalized graphene oxide (AuNPs-ChCl-GO) was synthesized through the assistance of ultrasound and fabricated as a novel bioelectrochemical sensor and utilized for the sensitive detection of meloxicam (MEL). The morphological and structural features of the AuNPs-ChCl-GO were characterized using different techniques including FTIR, TEM, FE-SEM, EDX, and XRD. The modified electrode showed a remarkable improvement in the anodic oxidation activity of MEL due to the enhancement in the current response compared to the bare carbon paste electrode (CPE).

A facile and selective approach for enrichment of l-cysteine in human plasma sample based on zinc organic polymer: Optimization by response surface methodology.

In this research, a facile and selective method was described to extract l-cysteine (l-Cys), an essential α-amino acid for anti-ageing playing an important role in human health, from human blood plasma sample. The importance of this research was the mild and time-consuming synthesis of zinc organic polymer (Zn-MOP) as an adsorbent and evaluation of its ability for efficient enrichment of l-Cys by ultrasound-assisted dispersive micro solid-phase extraction (UA-DMSPE) method. The structure of Zn-MOP was investigated by FT-IR, XRD and SEM.