The EAT-Lancet Diet Index Is Associated with Lower Obesity and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in the Multiethnic Cohort.

Background: The EAT-Lancet Commission has developed dietary recommendations, named the EAT-Lancet diet, to promote healthy nutrition and sustainable food production worldwide.

Objectives: We developed an adapted score for the EAT-Lancet diet for participants of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study and its relation with incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: The MEC includes 5 ethnic groups followed since 1993-1996.

Diet Quality and Risk of Bladder Cancer in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

This study analyzed the overall quality of the diet using predefined indices, including the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), the alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED) score, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score, and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), to explore their association with the risk of bladder cancer in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Data were taken from 186,979 African American, Japanese American, Latino, Native Hawaiian, and non-Hispanic White participants aged 45-75 years, with 1152 incident cases of invasive bladder cancer during a mean follow-up period of 19.2 ± 6.

Intake of Sugar and Food Sources of Sugar and Colorectal Cancer Risk in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Background: The influence of sugar intake on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial, and there is a need to investigate the heterogeneity of effects among racial and ethnic groups.

Objectives: To examine the association of intake of simple sugars and their food sources with CRC risk according to race/ethnicity in a multiethnic cohort study.

Methods: We analyzed data from 192,651 participants who participated in the Multiethnic Cohort Study comprising African American, Japanese American, Latino, Native Hawaiian, and White older adults living in Hawaii and California with an average follow-up of 19 y.

Reproductive Factors and Thyroid Cancer Risk: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Women are three times more likely to be diagnosed with thyroid cancer than men, with incidence rates per 100,000 in the United States of 20.2 for women and 7.4 for men.

Differences in Neuropathology between Nitroglycerin-Induced Mouse Models of Episodic and Chronic Migraine.

Multiple animal models of migraine have been used to develop new therapies. Understanding the transition from episodic (EM) to chronic migraine (CM) is crucial. We established models mimicking EM and CM pain and assessed neuropathological differences.

Thyroid Cancer Survival in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Objective: The US 5-year survival rate after thyroid cancer (TC) diagnosis is over 95%. Our aim was to investigate survival differences by sex and race and ethnicity in a multiethnic US population.

Design: In the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study, a total of 605 incident TC cases were identified by linkage to HI and CA statewide cancer registries.

Avocado and Guacamole Consumption and Colorectal Cancer Risk: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Dietary fiber and phytonutrients can protect against colorectal cancer, yet their consumption is low in the US. Avocados are a potential source of these beneficial nutrients. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between avocados/guacamole consumption and colorectal cancer risk in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Population-Attributable Fractions of Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias.

Background And Objectives: Previous studies estimated that modifiable risk factors explain up to 40% of the dementia cases in the United States and that this population-attributable fraction (PAF) differs by race and ethnicity-estimates of future impact based on the risk factor prevalence in contemporary surveys. The aim of this study was to determine the race-specific and ethnicity-specific PAF of late-onset Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRDs) based on the risk factor prevalence and associations observed on the same individuals within a prospective cohort.

Methods: Data were from Multiethnic Cohort Study participants (African American, Japanese American, Latino, Native Hawaiian, and White) enrolled in Medicare Fee-for-Service.

No Association of Seropositivity with Advanced Prostate Cancer Risk in the Multiethnic Cohort: A Nested Case-Control Study.

The potential involvement of a sexually transmitted agent has been suggested to contribute to the high number of prostate cancers in the United States and worldwide. We investigated the relationship of seropositivity with prostate cancer risk in a nested case-control study within the Multiethnic Cohort in Hawaii and California using blood samples collected prior to cancer diagnoses. Incident cases of advanced prostate cancer (intermediate- to high-grade based on Gleason score ≥ 7 and/or disease spread outside the prostate) were matched to controls by age, ethnicity, and the date of blood collection.

CU06-1004 as a promising strategy to improve anti-cancer drug efficacy by preventing vascular leaky syndrome.

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is the first cancer therapeutic agent with an immunomodulatory function. Although it has been experimentally proven to be effective against metastatic renal cell carcinoma and metastatic melanoma, the clinical application of high-dose IL-2 (HDIL-2) has been limited because of its short half-life and severe side effects, such as vascular leakage syndrome (VLS) or capillary leaky syndrome (CLS). However, methods for overcoming this issue have not yet been identified.

Changes in Diet Quality over 10 Years and Subsequent Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

This study investigated how diet quality changes over a ten-year period, assessed using the following four diet quality indexes, the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED), and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), were related to mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. The analysis included 61,361 participants who completed both the 1993-1996 baseline survey and the 2003-2008 10-year follow-up surveys. Over the mean follow-up period of 13 years after the 10-year survey, 4174 deaths from CVD were identified.

Healthful Plant-Based Dietary Pattern and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Multiethnic Population: A Cohort Study.

Background: Plant-based dietary patterns assessed by a priori indices are associated with various health outcomes, but have rarely been examined in relation to liver cancer.

Objectives: This study investigated the associations between plant-based diets and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and evaluated whether the associations vary by sex and race and ethnicity.

Methods: Data were from a total of 170,321 African American, Japanese American, Latino, Native Hawaiian, and White adults aged 45-75 y who completed a food frequency questionnaire in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Diet quality and risk of gastric adenocarcinoma: The Multiethnic Cohort.

Background: Certain dietary patterns (i.e., low intake of fruit/vegetables and high intake of salt and processed meats) have been associated with the risk of gastric cancer.

Diet Quality and Body Mass Index Over 20 Years in the Multiethnic Cohort.

Background: With increasing rates of overweight and obesity and disparities by ethnicity, it is important to understand the role of diet in ameliorating this health problem.

Objective: This study examined the relation of diet quality as measured by the Healthy Eating Index 2015 with body mass index (BMI; calculated as kg/m) and obesity among participants of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) in cross-sectional analyses at 3 time points (T-1, T-2, and T-3) over 20 years.

Design: In a subset of 1,860 MEC participants, 3 cross-sectional analyses at cohort entry (1993 to 1996, T-1) and follow-ups in 2003 to 2008 (T-2) and 2013 to 2016 (T-3) were performed.

Long-term administration of CU06-1004 ameliorates cerebrovascular aging and BBB injury in aging mouse model.

Background: Age-related changes in the cerebrovasculature, including blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and vascular dementia, are emerging as potential risks for many neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the endothelial cells that constitute the cerebrovasculature may play key roles in preventing brain injury. Our previous study showed that CU06-1004, an endothelial cell dysfunction blocker, prevented vascular leakage, enhanced vascular integrity in ischemic reperfusion injury, and promoted the normalization of tumor vasculature.

Predicting tolerability of high-dose fentanyl buccal tablets in cancer patients.

Background & Aims: Fentanyl buccal tablets (FBTs) are a rapid-onset opioid indicated for breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) and FBT titration is needed to optimize BTcP management. We aimed to predict which patients could tolerate a high dose of FBT (400 μg or more at a time).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed to assess the final FBT dose.

Mutations of TP53 and genes related to homologous recombination repair in breast cancer with germline BRCA1/2 mutations.

Background: Germline mutations of breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 and BRCA2 (gBRCA1/2) are associated with elevated risk of breast cancer in young women in Asia. BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins contribute to genomic stability through homologous recombination (HR)-mediated double-strand DNA break repair in cooperation with other HR-related proteins. In this study, we analyzed the targeted sequencing data of Korean breast cancer patients with gBRCA1/2 mutations to investigate the alterations in HR-related genes and their clinical implications.

Plant-based dietary patterns defined by a priori indices and colorectal cancer risk by sex and race/ethnicity: the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Background: Plant-based diets assessed by a priori indices are associated with health outcomes. This study investigated the associations between pre-defined indices of plant-based diets and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and evaluated whether the association varies by sex, race and ethnicity, and anatomic subsite of tumors.

Methods: A total of 79,952 men and 93,475 women who participated in the Multiethnic Cohort Study were included.

Diet Quality and Pancreatic Cancer Incidence in the Multiethnic Cohort.

Background: Data on diet quality and pancreatic cancer are limited. We examined the relationship between diet quality, assessed by the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), the alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED) score, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score and the energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII), and pancreatic cancer incidence in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Methods: Diet quality scores were calculated from a validated food frequency questionnaire administered at baseline.

Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Differences in a Deficit Accumulation Frailty Index in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Background: Frailty status has been sparsely studied in some groups including Native Hawaiians and Asian Americans.

Methods: We developed a questionnaire-based deficit accumulation frailty index (FI) in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) and examined frailty status (robust, FI 0 to <0.2, prefrail, FI 0.

Smoking and pancreatic cancer: a sex-specific analysis in the Multiethnic Cohort study.

Purpose: To examine whether the detrimental smoking-related association with pancreatic cancer (PC) is the same for women as for men.

Methods: We analyzed data from 192,035 participants aged 45-75 years, enrolled in the Multiethnic Cohort study (MEC) in 1993-1996. We identified PC cases via linkage to the Hawaii and California Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program cancer registries through December 2017.

Validation and Comparison of Nutrient Intakes from Two Dietary Questionnaires Developed for the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Background: Quantitative food frequency questionnaires (QFFQs) are often used to measure dietary intakes in large cohort studies but the impact of updating these questionnaires over time is not often examined.

Objective: This study compared nutrient intakes estimated from two different QFFQs to each other and to intakes calculated from three 24-hour dietary recalls (24HDRs).

Design: This study used a cross-sectional design.

Increased Apoptotic Activity in Low-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome.

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a heterogeneous hematopoietic disorder associated with cellular proliferative and apoptotic activity. We retrospectively investigated these activities in bone marrow samples from 76 MDS patients using immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 and cleaved caspase-3. We divided cleaved caspase-3 into two groups based on median value and compared the differences according to MDS risk scoring systems.