Pollution characteristics and human health risks of PM-bound heavy metals: a 3-year observation in Suzhou, China.

This study aimed to analyze the temporal trends, pollution levels, and health risks associated with eleven PM-bound heavy metals (Sb, Al, As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se and Tl). A total of 504 PM samples were collected in Suzhou from January 2019 to December 2021. The pollution levels were estimated based on enrichment factors (EFs) which can be used to calculate the enrichment of heavy metals in PM and determine whether the concentrations of PM-bound heavy metals are influenced by the crustal or anthropogenic sources, and the health risk of PM-bound heavy metals via inhalation was assessed following US EPA's Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund (RAGS).

The essential role of CYP2E1 in metabolism and hepatotoxicity of N,N-dimethylformamide using a novel Cyp2e1 knockout mouse model and a population study.

N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) is a widespread contaminant of leather factories and their surrounding environment. There is a lack of direct in vivo evidence supporting CYP2E1 as a primary enzyme responsible for DMF metabolism and hepatotoxicity. In this study, a novel Cyp2e1 knockout (KO) mouse model was generated and used to assess whether DMF metabolism and hepatotoxicity is CYP2E1 dependent using an acute toxicity protocol with a single dose of 1500 mg DMF/kg.