OsCYCBL1 and OsHTR702 positively regulate rice tolerance to cold stress.

Chaling wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) can survive winter due to its extreme cold tolerance, whereas cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) cannot.

Stress response membrane protein OsSMP2 negatively regulates rice tolerance to drought.

In a gene chip analysis, rice (Oryza sativa) OsSMP2 gene expression was induced under various abiotic stresses, prompting an investigation into its role in drought resistance and abscisic acid signaling. Subsequent experiments, including qRT-PCR and β-glucuronidase activity detection, affirmed the OsSMP2 gene's predominant induction by drought stress. Subcellular localization experiments indicated the OsSMP2 protein primarily localizes to the cell membrane system.

AP2/EREBP Pathway Plays an Important Role in Chaling Wild Rice Tolerance to Cold Stress.

Cold stress is the main factor limiting rice production and distribution. Chaling wild rice can survive in cold winters. AP2/EREBP is a known transcription factor family associated with abiotic stress.

Ectopic Expression of a Maize Gene in Rice Increases Grain Length and Yield, but Reduces Drought Stress Tolerance.

As the human population grows rapidly, food shortages will become an even greater problem; therefore, increasing crop yield has become a focus of rice breeding programs. The maize gene, , encoding a putative member of the DUF1645 protein family with an unknown function, was transformed into rice. Phenotypic analysis showed that enhanced expression significantly altered various traits in transgenic rice plants, including increased grain length, width, weight, and number per panicle, resulting in a significant increase in yield, but a decrease in rice tolerance to drought stress.