Gut commensal Parabacteroides distasonis exerts neuroprotective effects in acute ischemic stroke with hyperuricemia via regulating gut microbiota-gut-brain axis.

Background: Hyperuricemia is considered as an independent risk factor for acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and some AIS patients are accompanied by an increase in serum uric acid. Recent studies have highlighted the important role of gut microbiota in both hyperuricemia and AIS, but there is little available data on the relationship between gut microbiota and the pathogenesis of AIS with hyperuricemia (HAS).

Methods: Here we profiled the gut microbiota composition in 63 HAS patients and 269 non-HAS patients through 16s rRNA sequencing.

Gut microbiota alterations are associated with functional outcomes in patients of acute ischemic stroke with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Introduction: Patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) frequently have poor prognosis. Many evidences suggested that the changes in gut microbiota may play an important role in the occurrence and development of AIS patients with NAFLD. The purpose of this study was to explore microbial characteristics in patients of AIS with NAFLD, and the correlation between gut microbiota and functional outcomes.

Association Analysis of Gut Microbiota and Prognosis of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke in Basal Ganglia Region.

Previous studies have implied the potential impact of gut microbiota on acute ischemic stroke (AIS), but the relationships of gut microbiota with basal ganglia region infarction (BGRI) and the predictive power of gut microbiota in BGRI prognosis is unclear. The aim of this study was to ascertain characteristic taxa of BGRI patients with different functional outcomes and identify their predictive value. Fecal samples of 65 BGRI patients were collected at admission and analyzed with 16s rRNA gene sequencing.

Epigenome-wide DNA methylation analysis of myasthenia gravis.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a common neuromuscular junction disorder and autoimmune disease mediated by several antibodies. Several studies have shown that genetic factors play an important role in MG pathogenesis. To gain insight into the epigenetic factors affecting MG, we report here genome-scale DNA methylation profiles of MG.

Gut microbiota signature as predictors of adverse outcomes after acute ischemic stroke in patients with hyperlipidemia.

Introduction: The alterations of gut microbiota have been associated with multiple diseases. However, the relationship between gut microbiota and adverse outcomes of hyperlipidemic stroke patients remains unclear. Here we determined the gut microbial signature to predict the poor outcome of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with hyperlipidemia (POAH).

Effect of Probiotic Fungi against Cognitive Impairment in Mice via Regulation of the Fungal Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis.

The fungal microbiota may be involved in the regulation of cognition and behavior, while the role of probiotic fungi against cognitive impairment is unclear. Here, we explored the idea that probiotic could participate in the regulation of microglia-induced neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) model mice. Cognitive deficits, deposits of amyloid-β (Aβ) and phosphorylation of tau, synaptic plasticity, microglia activation, and neuroinflammatory reactions were observed.

MiR-10b-3p Protects Cerebral I/R Injury through Targeting Programmed Cell Death 5 (PDCD5).

Previous studies have demonstrated that miR-10b-3p is significantly downregulated in rats after cerebral ischemia injury, and this study aimed to investigate the effect of miR-10b-3p in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) induced SH-SY5Y cell model and middle cerebral artery occlusion model (MCAO) rats were constructed to investigate the role of miR-10b-3p and underline the regulatory mechanism of miR-10b-3p/PDCD5 axis in cerebral I/R injury. The expression of miR-10b-3p and PDCD5 was evaluated by qRT-PCR and Western blot.

A clinical appraisal of the different types of enteral nutrition support and humanized nursing among cerebral apoplexy ICU patients on mechanical ventilation.

Objective: To study the clinical effectiveness of different types of enteral nutrition support combined with humanized nursing in intensive care unit (ICU) stroke patients on mechanical ventilation.

Methods: One hundred patients with stroke admitted to our hospital's ICU from April 2019 to July 2020 were established as the study cohort and divided into a control group and an experimental group, with 50 cases in each group. The control group was administered one-time injections of enteral nutrition combined with general nursing, and the experimental group was administered enteral nutrition pump infusions combined with humanized nursing.

A comparative analysis of 375 patients with lateral and medial medullary infarction.

Background: Few studies have compared the etiology and clinical features between pure lateral medullary infarction (LMI) and pure medial medullary infarction (MMI).

Methods: All patients included were hospitalized at The First Affiliated Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2015 to July 2020. Their risk factors, clinical manifestation, stroke mechanisms and short-term prognosis were analyzed retrospectively.

Combination of Vinpocetine and Dexamethasone Alleviates Cognitive Impairment in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients following Radiation Injury.

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) originates in the nasopharyngeal epithelium. The most common treatments for NPC rT1-4 are radiotherapy and surgery. The pathogenesis of radiation-induced cognitive impairment is complex and includes oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuro-inflammation, and even apoptosis and cell death.

A homozygous mutation of alanyl-transfer RNA synthetase 2 in a patient of adult-onset leukodystrophy: A case report and literature review.

Introduction: Leukodystrophy is a group of hereditary leukoencephalopathies predominantly affecting the white matter. Multiple genes and mutations have been reported to be associated with this disorder. Identification of pathogenic genes can facilitate diagnosis of leukodystrophy and development of therapeutic strategies.

Paramedian Thalamic Ischemic Infarction: A Retrospective Clinical Observation.

Background: The study aimed to evaluate the clinical features in patients with bilateral and unilateral paramedian thalamic infarcts.

Methods: Twenty-one patients with paramedian thalamic infarcts were included, and their case records were reviewed. We focused on the patients' neuroimaging and neurological symptoms including the duration of coma, vertical gaze palsy, and memory impairment.

Effect of Extracellular Vesicles on Neural Functional Recovery and Immunologic Suppression after Rat Cerebral Apoplexy.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can promote the recovery of neural function after cerebral apoplexy by secreting multiple cytokines. In addition, cell factor-derived extracellular vesicles play an important role in recovery of neural function. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of extracellular vesicles on neural functional recovery and brain tissue remodeling after cerebral apoplexy in a rat model.

Meta-analysis of brain iron levels of Parkinson's disease patients determined by postmortem and MRI measurements.

Brain iron levels in patients of Parkinson's disease (PD) are usually measured in postmortem samples or by MRI imaging including R2* and SWI. In this study we performed a meta-analysis to understand PD-associated iron changes in various brain regions, and to evaluate the accuracy of MRI detections comparing with postmortem results. Databases including Medline, Web of Science, CENTRAL and Embase were searched up to 19 November 2015.

Selenotranscriptomic Analyses Identify Signature Selenoproteins in Brain Regions in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease.

Genes of selenoproteome have been increasingly implicated in various aspects of neurobiology and neurological disorders, but remain largely elusive in Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we investigated the selenotranscriptome (24 selenoproteins in total) in five brain regions (cerebellum, substantia nigra, cortex, pons and hippocampus) by real time qPCR in a two-phase manner using a mouse model of chronic PD. A wide range of changes in selenotranscriptome was observed in a manner depending on selenoproteins and brain regions.

Paroxetine ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced microglia activation via differential regulation of MAPK signaling.

Background: Paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for counteracting depression, has been recently suggested as having a role in prevention of dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in substantia nigra, a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). The pathogenesis of this type of neurological disorders often involves the activation of microglia and associated inflammatory processes. Thus in this study we aimed to understand the role of paroxetine in microglia activation and to elucidate the underlying mechanism(s).

CCDC62 variant rs12817488 is associated with the risk of Parkinson's disease in a Han Chinese population.

It has been recently proposed by a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis that the CCDC62 variant rs12817488 is a new risk locus associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between rs12817488 and PD in a Chinese cohort. A total of 341 PD patients and 423 matched controls were recruited in Eastern China.

[Effects of chronic hypoxic hypercapnia on spatial learning-memory and expression of NMDAR1 in rats].

Aim: To explore the effect of chronic hypoxic hypercapnia on learning-memory and the possible mechanisms involved.

Methods: Fifty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: Normal control group (NC, n=18), 2-week (2HH, n=18), and 4-week hypoxic hypercapnia (4HH, n=20) group. The rats, spatial learning-memory tasks were assessed by the Morris water maze.