Background: Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is one of the most common maternally inherited mitochondrial diseases which rarely affects elderly people.
Case Presentation: We reported the case of a 61-year-old male patient with MELAS. He was experiencing acute migraine-like headaches as the first symptoms.
Background: Anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) is rarely observed in the brainstem and the clinical symptoms and imaging manifestations vary, which present a great challenge to accurate clinical diagnosis.
Case Description: A 56-year-old woman, with a month-long history of nausea and vomiting, was first diagnosed with acute cerebral infarction and demyelinating disease. The patient showed negative results on enhanced magnetic resonance and F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography, and the clinical symptoms were not typical, leading to early misdiagnosis.