Surface-deformability dependent contact time of bouncing droplets on sessile soap bubbles.

Hypothesis: The curvature of the free-standing liquid film is expected to modify its surface deformability, thereby affecting droplet bouncing dynamics and possibly tuning the liquid repellency performance in practical applications.

Experiments: In this study, the bouncing dynamics of water droplets on sessile soap bubbles with different curvatures has been experimentally investigated using high-speed camera.

Finds: To resist the impacting droplets, the soap bubbles is observed to show two types of deformation: the geometrical deformation caused by the total impacting force and the pressure distribution induced deformation from the droplet dynamics.

Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway: proteins' roles in osteoporosis and cancer diseases and the regulatory effects of natural compounds on osteoporosis.

Osteoblasts are mainly derived from mesenchymal stem cells in the bone marrow. These stem cells can differentiate into osteoblasts, which have the functions of secreting bone matrix, promoting bone formation, and participating in bone remodeling. The abnormality of osteoblasts can cause a variety of bone-related diseases, including osteoporosis, delayed fracture healing, and skeletal deformities.

Natural Compounds for Bone Remodeling: Targeting osteoblasts and relevant signaling pathways.

In the process of bone metabolism and bone remodeling, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) differentiate into osteoblasts (OBs) under certain conditions to enable the formation of new bone, and normal bone reconstruction and pathological bone alteration are closely related to the differentiation and proliferation functions of OBs. Osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs involves multiple signaling pathways, which function individually but interconnect intricately to form a complex signaling regulatory network. Natural compounds have fewer adverse effects than chemically synthesized drugs, optimize bone health, and are more suitable for long-term use.

Utility of somatosensory- and motor-evoked potential change thresholds in surgical treatment for thoracic spinal stenosis based on different pathologies.

Background Context: Thoracic spinal stenosis (TSS) is secondary to different pathologies that differ in clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the optimal warning thresholds for combined somatosensory-evoked potentials (SSEP) and motor-evoked potentials (MEP) for predicting postoperative neurological deterioration in surgical treatment for TSS based on different pathologies. Additionally, we explored the correlation between SSEP/MEP monitoring and postoperative spinal neurological function.

Freezing Delay of a Drop Impacting on a Monolayer of Cold Grains.

We investigate a subfreezing droplet impact scenario in a low-humidity environment, where the target is a cold granular monolayer. When the undercooling degree of targets passes a threshold, such a granular layer effectively postpones the bulk freezing time of the droplet in comparison with the impact on the bare substrate underneath. In this case, the retraction of the droplet after impact reduces the contact area with the cold substrate, even though both the grains and the substrate are wettable to the liquid.

Cold granular targets slow the bulk freezing of an impacting droplet.

When making contact with an undercooled target, a drop freezes. The colder the target is, the more rapid the freezing is supposed to be. In this research, we explore the impact of droplets on cold granular material.

The Potential of Natural Compounds Regulating Autophagy in the Treatment of Osteoporosis.

The maintenance of bone homeostasis is dynamically regulated by osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Abnormal differentiation of osteoclast and insufficient osteoblast production can cause bone diseases such as osteoporosis. As one of the highly conserved catabolic pathways in eukaryotic cells, autophagy plays an important role in maintaining cell homeostasis, stress injury repair, proliferation and differentiation.

Variability of somatosensory evoked potential and motor evoked potential change criteria in thoracic spinal decompression surgery based on preoperative motor status.

Background Context: Combined somatosensory- and motor-evoked potential (SSEP and MEP) changes for predicting prognosis in thoracic spinal surgery have been variably reported.

Purpose: We aimed to explore the validity of combined SSEP and MEP for predicting postoperative motor deficits (PMDs) in thoracic spinal decompression surgery (TSDS) and identify a relatively optimal neurophysiological predictor of PMDs in patients based on preoperative motor status.

Study Setting: Retrospective study.

Diagnostic Value of Multimodal Intraoperative Neuromonitoring by Combining Somatosensory-With Motor-Evoked Potential in Posterior Decompression Surgery for Thoracic Spinal Stenosis.

Background: Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) has become an increasingly essential technique in spinal surgery. However, data on the diagnostic value of IONM in predicting impending postoperative neurological deficits (PONDs) for patients who underwent posterior decompression surgery for thoracic spinal stenosis (TSS) are limited. Furthermore, patients who are at the highest risk of waveform changes during the surgery remain unknown.

A Loading Dose of Dexmedetomidine With Constant Infusion Inhibits Intraoperative Neuromonitoring During Thoracic Spinal Decompression Surgery: A Randomized Prospective Study.

The effect of a bolus dose of dexmedetomidine on intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) parameters during spinal surgeries has been variably reported and remains a debated topic. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was performed to assess the effect of dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg in 10 min) followed by a constant infusion rate on IONM during thoracic spinal decompression surgery (TSDS). A total of 165 patients were enrolled and randomized into three groups.

The Prognostic Value of Intraoperative Neuromonitoring by Combining Somatosensory- and Motor-Evoked Potentials for Thoracic Spinal Decompression Surgery in Patients with Neurological Deficit.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Objective: To explore a relation between somatosensory- and motor-evoked potential (SEPs, MEPs) and corresponding thoracic cord function for thoracic spinal decompression surgery (TSDS) in patients with neurological deficit.

Summary Of Background Data: Although SEPs and MEPs monitoring has been developed as an essential technique in spinal surgery.

Impact cratering in sand: comparing solid and liquid intruders.

How does the impact of a deformable droplet on a granular bed differ from that caused by a solid impactor of similar size and density? Here, we experimentally study this question and focus on the effect of intruder deformability on the crater shape. For comparable impact energies, we show that the crater diameter is larger for droplets than for solid intruders but that the impact of the latter results in deeper craters. Interestingly, for initially dense beds of packing fractions larger than 0.

Withdrawal Notice: The Role of Ginsenoside Rb1 in Bone Homeostasis.

Unlabelled: The article has been withdrawn by agreement between the editors and publisher of Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy. The authors are not responding to the publisher's requests to provide the corrected reference citations version. Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may caused.

[The fabrication and related properties study of chitosan-poly (lactide-co-glycolide) double-walled microspheres loaded with nerve growth factor].

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of the chitosan-poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) double-walled microspheres for sustained release of bioactive nerve growth factor (NGF) .

Methods: NGF loaded chitosan-PLGA double-walled microspheres were prepared by emulsion-ionic method with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as an ionic cross-linker. The double-walled microspheres were cross-linked by different concentrations of TPP [1%, 3%, 10% ( / )].

Survival benefit evaluation of radiotherapy in esophageal cancer patients aged 80 and older.

Purpose: To evaluate the survival benefit of radiotherapy (RT) in esophageal cancer (EC) patients aged ≥ 80.

Materials And Methods: Records for all EC patients aged ≥ 65 years were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Chi-square test compared the characteristic and treatment between patients aged ≥ 80 with those aged 65-79.

Posterior C1-C2 screw-rod fixation and autograft fusion for the treatment of os odontoideum with C1-C2 instability.

Objective: To report our experience treating os odontoideum with C1-C2 instability via C1-C2 screw-rod fixation and autograft fusion and to explore the clinical efficacy of such a treatment strategy.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who were diagnosed with os odontoideum with C1-C2 instability and treated by posterior C1-C2 screw-rod fixation and fusion. Neurological deficits were measured with the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scoring system and neck pain was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score.

Crater formation during raindrop impact on sand.

After a raindrop impacts on a granular bed, a crater is formed as both drop and target deform. After an initial, transient, phase in which the maximum crater depth is reached, the crater broadens outwards until a final steady shape is attained. By varying the impact velocity of the drop and the packing density of the bed, we find that avalanches of grains are important in the second phase and hence affect the final crater shape.

A morphometric study of the middle and lower cervical vertebral endplates and their components.

Cervical disc arthroplasty is a common method of treating cervical degenerative disease. However, the footprints of most prosthesis dimensions are obtained from data of Caucasian individuals. Besides, there is a large discrepancy between footprints of currently available cervical disc prostheses and anatomic dimensions of cervical endplates.

Liquid-Grain Mixing Suppresses Droplet Spreading and Splashing during Impact.

Would a raindrop impacting on a coarse beach behave differently from that impacting on a desert of fine sand? We study this question by a series of model experiments, where the packing density of the granular target, the wettability of individual grains, the grain size, the impacting liquid, and the impact speed are varied. We find that by increasing the grain size and/or the wettability of individual grains the maximum droplet spreading undergoes a transition from a capillary regime towards a viscous regime, and splashing is suppressed. The liquid-grain mixing is discovered to be the underlying mechanism.

Quantitative morphometric study of the subaxial cervical vertebrae end plate.

Background Context: Cervical disc arthroplasty has been gradually adopted as an alternative for the treatment of cervical degenerative disease. However, there is a large discrepancy between footprints of currently available cervical disc prostheses and anatomic dimensions of cervical end plates.

Purpose: This study aimed to accurately and comprehensively quantify the three-dimensional (3D) anatomic morphology of the cervical vertebral end plate and provide a theoretical basis for designing appropriate disc prostheses.

Biomechanical Analysis of a Novel Prosthesis Based on the Physiological Curvature of Endplate for Cervical Disc Replacement.

Study Design: Biomechanical analysis of a novel prosthesis based on the physiological curvature of endplate was performed.

Objective: To compare the biomechanical differences between a novel prosthesis based on the physiological curvature of the endplate and the Prestige LP prosthesis after cervical disc replacement (CDR).

Summary Of Background Data: Artificial disc prostheses have been widely used to preserve the physiological function of treated and adjacent motion segments in CDR, while most of those present a flat surface instead of an arcuate surface which approximately similar to anatomic structures in vivo.

Upper bound on the Edwards entropy in frictional monodisperse hard-sphere packings.

We extend the Widom particle insertion method [B. Widom, J. Chem.

Morphological studies of cartilage endplates in subaxial cervical region.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to provide morphological data of endplates for the redesign of cervical artificial disc for use in the middle and lower cervical spine (C3-C7).

Methods: Reformatted CT scans of 73 individuals were analysed. The shapes of superior endplates (SEPs) and inferior endplates (IEPs) were classified as either flat or arced.