Amelioration of rhabdomyolysis-induced renal mitochondrial injury and apoptosis through suppression of Drp-1 translocation.

Introduction: Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in acute kidney injury (AKI). Mitochondrial fission regulated by dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp-1) impairs the function of the mitochondria and the survival of cells. This study was conducted to explore the effects of suppression of Drp-1 accumulation in the mitochondria, on mitochondrial function and renal tubular cell apoptosis in rhabdomyolysis (RM)-induced AKI.

[Relation between bone matrix proteins and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in renal small artery in diabetic nephropathy rats].

Objective: To observe the expressions of bone matrix proteins and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ((MCP-1) in the renal arteriole of diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats and analyze their correlations and roles in diabetic nephropathy.

Methods: Adult Sprague-Dawley male rats were used to establish the animal model of diabetic nephropathy induced by peritoneal injection of 55 mg/kg of streptozocin. Calcium deposit around the renal arteriole was observed by alizarin red staining.

Spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage after hemodialysis involving anticoagulant agents.

In this paper, we described the symptoms and treatment of a patient with diabetic nephropathy accompanied by spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage after hemodialysis. An elderly female patient with diabetic nephropathy presented with severe pain, numbness, and an increasing swelling in the left hip and left thigh after six sessions of hemodialysis involving the use of an antiplatelet drug and an anticoagulant agent. Her hemoglobin decreased to 46 g/L.

Early protective effect of mitofusion 2 overexpression in STZ-induced diabetic rat kidney.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes with a poorly defined etiology and limited treatment options. Early intervention is key to preventing the progression of DN. Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) regulates mitochondrial morphology and signaling, and is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases.

[Relationship between activation of mannan-binding lectin complement and NF-kappaB in diabetic nephropathy].

Objective: To study the activation of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) complement in STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats and its relationship with NF-kappaB.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups: normal control and diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ.

[Influence of high glucose and mannose binding lectin complement pathway activation to IL-6 and TNF-alpha's expression by human renal glomerular endothelial cells].

Objective: To investigate the effect of high glucose and mannose binding lectin (MBL) complement pathway activation's effect on expression of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) from human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGEC), to explore unknown pathogenesy of diabetic nephropathy.

Methods: Normal HRGEC was divided randomly into normal glucose group(5 mmol/L D-glucose), manicol group (5 mmol/L D-glucose+25 mmol/L manicol) and high glucose group (30 mmol/L D-glucose). Real-time PCR was used to detect IL-6 and TNF-alpha mRNA expression in each group, Euzymelinked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was performed to examine the protein expression of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in supernatant after 24 hours' culture.

[Effects of high glucose on expression of core binding factor alpha1 and osteocalcin in vascular smooth muscle cells].

Objective: To investigate the effects of high glucose on expression of core binding factor alpha1 (cbfalpha-1) and osteocalcin (OC) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and discuss the mechanism of small vessels calcification induced by high glucose (GS) in vitro.

Methods: The primary cultured VSMCs from rats' aortic segments were divided into three groups, including normal control group (5 mmol/L D-glucose), high glucose group (25 mmol/L D-glucose) and mannitol group (5 mmol/L D-glucose plus 25 mmol/L mannitol). We measured quantitatively the calcium deposition in VSMCs and investigated the calcium extent of VSMCs by alizarin red stain in each group.

[Effect of high concentration of glucose on thickness of glycocalyx and expression of syndecan-1 and glypican-1 in cultured human renal glomerular endothelial cells].

Objective: To investigate the influence of high concentration of glucose on the thickness of Glycocalyx and expression of core protein Sydecan-1 and Glypican-1 in cultured human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs).

Methods: HRGECs in culture were randomly divided into 3 groups, high concentration of glucose (30 mmol/L D-glucose, high glucose group), normal concentration of glucose as controlled group (5 mmol/L D-glucose+25 mmol/L mannitol, normal control group), and mannitol group (30 mmol/L mannitol) respectively. After 72 hours, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to observe and characterize the fully hydrated glycoalyx of HRGECs.

[Effects of valsartan on the renal vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor flk-1 of diabetic rats].

Objective: To explore effects of valsartan on expression changes of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor Flk-1 in diabetic rat kidney.

Methods: To establish the diabetic nephropathy (DN) rat models and divide the experiment rats into three groups--the DN group, the valsartan group and the control group, and use the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western Blotting and immunohistochemical techniques to detect the expression of VEGF and Flk-1, and detect the urine protein and glomerular area and volume, then analyze the relationship of the data.

Results: The mRNA and protein expression of VEGF and Flk-1, the urine protein and glomerular area and volume in the DN were higher than those in the control group and valsartan group (P < 0.

[Effects of losartan on expressions of plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 of rat proximal tubular epithelial cells cultured with high glucose].

Objective: To investigate the effects of high glucose on expressions of plasminogen activator (PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) of rat proximal tubular epithelial cells, and the role of angiotensin II receptor antagonist Losartan.

Methods: The cultured NRK-52E cells (a renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line of rat origin) were divided into five groups: control group, mannitol group (5 mmol/L D-glucose plus 25 mmol/L mannitol), high glucose group (30 mmol/L D-glucose), losartan group (10(-3) mmol/L losartan), high glucose plus losartan group (30 mmol/L D-glucose plus 10(-3) mmol/L losartan). Semi-quantity RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of PA/PAI-1 mRNA.

[Expression of VEGF in kidney of diabetic rats].

Objective: To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the kidney of diabetic rats and probe its relationship with the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Methods: Diabetes mellitus was induced in SD rats by Streptozotocin. The renal tissues of rats were taken out at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks after operation.

[Effect of rosiglitazone on integrin beta1 expression and apoptosis of proximal tubular cell exposed to high glucose].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of rosiglitazone (ROS) on integrin beta1 expression and apoptosis of proximal tubular cell exposed to high glucose.

Methods: The proximal tubular cells of rats were cultured in vitro and divided into 6 groups: control group, normal glucose (5 mmol/L) group, high glucose (30 mmol/L) group, only ROS (10 micromol/L) group, glucose (30 mmol/L)+ROS (5 micromol/L) group, and glucose (30 mmol/L) +ROS (10 micromol/L) group. The cells were cultured for 48 hrs and the integrin beta1 expressions were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR; The apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry after the cells were cultured for 24, 48, 72 hrs.

[The expression and significance of the angiopoietin-1 in the kidney of diabetic rats].

Objective: To explore the expression and significance of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) in the renal tissue of diabetic rats.

Methods: The SD rats were divided into the diabetic and control groups. The diabetic group was treated by streptozotocin.

[Expression level of cubilin in the rat model of diabetic nephropathy].

Objective: To observe the expression level of Cubilin in the renal tubules of rats with STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy, to assess its correlation with 24 hours' albuminuria, and to investigate the mechanisms of tubular dysfunction at the early stage of diabetic nephropathy.

Methods: Diabetic nephropathy was induced in Sprague-Dalwley rats by intraperitoneal injection of STZ, while the rats of normal group were injected with normal saline. Biochemical indices of blood and urine specimens were observed in both groups at weeks 2, 4 and 6 respectively.

Modified glomerular filtration rate estimating equation for Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease.

The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations provide a rapid method of assessing GFR in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, previous research indicated that modification of these equations is necessary for application in Chinese patients with CKD. The objective of this study was to modify MDRD equations on the basis of the data from the Chinese CKD population and compare the diagnostic performance of the modified MDRD equations with that of the original MDRD equations across CKD stages in a multicenter, cross-sectional study of GFR estimation from plasma creatinine, demographic data, and clinical characteristics.

[Effects of rosiglitazone on the expression of beta1, integrin and ICAM-1 in high glucose-induced rat glomerular mesangial cells].

Objective: To observe the effects of PPARgamma activators thiazolidinediones (Rosiglitazone) on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and beta1 integrin in high glucose-induced rat glomerular mesangial cells (GMC) in order to elucidate the relationship between PPARgamma and adhesion molecules.

Methods: Rat HBZY-1 GMCs were cultured in vitro and divided into 9 groups: Normal Glucose group (N), High Glucose group (H), Mannitiol group (M), Normal and High Glucose plus 1, 5, 10 micromol/L Rosiglitazone. Every group was treated for 24 hours.

[Effects of N-linked oligosaccharide chains on expression of integrin beta1 and apoptosis in glomerular mesangial cells].

Objective: The effects of N-linked oligosaccharide chains (TM), an inhibitor of N-glycosylation of proteins, on the expression of beta1 integrin and the apoptosis of glomerular mesangial cells (GMC) were observed for exploring the role of inhibitors of N-linked oligosaccharide chains in cell apoptosis, proliferation, and expression of beta1 integrin and cyclin D1, and hence finding a new approach to the synteresis of proliferative nephropathy.

Methods: Cultured rat mesangial cells were divided into 4 groups: control group, and 0.5, 1.

[Effects of RGD tripeptide on the expression of FAK and HA in glomerular mesangial cells].

Objective: Observing the effects of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides on the proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs), and on the expression of focal adheshion kinase (FAK) and hyaluronic acid (HA) in GMCs.

Methods: GMCs of rats were induced with RGD peptide in vitro. The proliferation of GMCs was measured by MTT; the expression of FAK, by immunohistochemistry; and the quantity of HA, by radioimmunoassay.

[Effects of leukocyte depletion filter on canine kidney during cardiopulmonary bypass].

Objective: To explore the effect of a reforming leukocyte depletion filter (LDF-1) on the functional and pathologic changes of canine kidney during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

Methods: Twelve Mongolian dogs were randomly allocated into a control group (no LDF-1, n = 6) or a leukocyte-depleted filter group (LDF-1 placed in venous line, n = 6). CPB of the dogs anestheitized with sodium pentobarbitone at 25 mg/kg was set up.

[Epidemiology of cardiovascular risk in Chinese chronic kidney disease patients].

Objective: To identify the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Chinese chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.

Methods: As part of a multicenter Chinese cohort study, the clinical data associated with CVD of 1239 patients with CKD (stage 2 - 5) hospitalized in 7 grade 3A hospitals distributed in 5 regions of China 2002 - 2003 were collected. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between CVD and the demographic variables, lifestyle, medical history, medication, physical examination, and laboratory variables.