[Retracted] Effect of metformin on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion in A172 glioma cells and its mechanisms.

Following the publication of this paper, it was drawn to the Editors' attention by a concerned reader that the cell invasion and migration assay data shown in Fig. 6 and the cell proliferation assay experiments shown in Fig. 2 were strikingly similar to data appearing in different form in other articles by different authors; furthermore, in Fig.

Effect of metformin on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion in A172 glioma cells and its mechanisms.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of metformin on the inhibition of proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration of A172 human glioma cells in vitro and determine the underlying mechanism. The effects of metformin at different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1 and 10 mmol/l) on the inhibition of A172 cell proliferation were detected using a 3‑(4,5‑dimethylthiazol‑2‑yl)‑2,5‑diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.

Expression and switching of TH1/TH2 type cytokines gene in human gliomas.

Objective: To study the expression and switching of Th1/Th2 cytokines gene in human gliomas and its effects on occurring and developing of human gliomas.

Methods: Interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon-gamma represent Th1 type cytokines. IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13 represent Th2 type cytokines.

[Surgical treatment of 247 cases of Chiari-I malformation complicated with syringomyelia].

Objective: To discuss the surgical treatment of chiari-I malformation complicated with syringomyelia.

Methods: The surgical treatments of 247 cases were analyzed retrospectively. The indication of operation styles was proposed by various surgical treatment to different MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) findings.

[Study of X-irradiation to enhance the functional and structural recovery of the injured spinal cord of rat].

Objective: To explore whether X-irradiation can enhance the functional and structural recovery of the injured spinal cord of rats.

Methods: Seventy Sprague-Dawley rats received spinal cord injury by clip compression at the T2 level were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group received X-irradiation at 14 days after injury, the control group did not receive X-irradiation.