Simultaneous quantitation of 3ADON and 15ADON chemotypes of DON-producing Fusarium species in Chinese wheat based on duplex droplet digital PCR assay.

Pathogens within Fusarium species are the primary agents of Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat, which bring about yield reduction and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination and are of great concern worldwide. DON-producing Fusarium species can be classified into 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON) and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15ADON) chemotypes according to the trichothecene metabolites they produce. The detection of these two chemotypes of pathogens is paramount to the successful implementation of disease management strategies and pathogen-related DON forecasting models.

Identification and Determination of Rubrofusarin, Rubrofusarin Isomer, and Their Quinone Forms in Grains Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry.

Fungi of the genus can produce secondary metabolites such as naphthopyrones and naphthoquinones that are toxic and expected to threaten the food and feed safety. In this study, the occurrence of rubrofusarin, rubrofusarin isomer, and their quinone forms in grains was identified and confirmed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole orbital ion trap mass spectrometry (Q-Orbitrap MS). The quantitation of these compounds in grain samples was also investigated using Q-Orbitrap MS.

[Effects of long-term fertilization on evolution of S forms in a red soil and a black soil].

Sulfur (S) forms in two contrasting soils (a red soil and a black soil) under different long-term fertilization treatments (from 1990 to 2011) from the National Long-term Monitoring Network of Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Effects of China were investigated using a fractionation scheme in order to explore the distribution and transportation of S with different forms in the soils. The soil samples were collected from the topsoil (0-20 cm) and subsoil (20-40 cm) horizons that were treated with no fertilizers (CK), nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers (NPK), or NPK plus organic manures (MNPK) since 1990. The results indicated that when compared with the CK, total S contents in the topsoil layers treated with NPK and MNPK were increased by 42% and 33% for the red soil, and by 6% and 76% for the black soil, respectively, while the total S in the subsoil layer was less affected by the fertilization treatments and obviously lower than in the topsoil layer except for the red soil treated with NPK.

[Transformation of copper and chromium in co-contaminated soil and its influence on bioavailability for pakchoi (Brassica chinensis)].

Heavy metal fractions in soil play an important role in the bioavailability for plants. A pot experiment was carried out to study the transformation and bioavailability for pakchoi of exogenetic copper and hexavalent chromium in co-contaminated soil. The results showed that one month after tested heavy metals were added into soil, the chromium was present mainly in residual and organic bonded form while copper was mainly bound to hydrated oxides of iron and manganese as well as residual form.

[Expressions of CD34 and CD117 in human hepatocellular carcinomas and the clinical significance].

To study the expressions of CD34 and CD117 in the tissues of hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) and to explore the relationship with clinical pathology and it's evaluation on the prognosis of HCC patients. The expressions of CD34 and CD117 were examined by two-step methods of PV-9000 of immunohistochemistry in 55 HCC cases, 10 liver cirrhotic specimens and 6 normal liver specimens. Clinical-pathological data, tumor recurrent rate and survival rate after hepatectomy were recorded and analyzed with Fisher's Exact Test, Pearson X2 Test, Kaplan-Meier, Log-Rank Test and Cox Regression.

[Correction of the epicanthal fold and angulus oculi using the Z-epicanthoplasty].

Objective: To explore a new procedure for aesthetic correction of the medial epicanthal fold aim at the etiopathogenesis.

Methods: The new Z-epicanthoplasty devise the upper and inferior margin of angle of eye medial as one angle of the Z.

Results: From 2004 to 2006, 129 patients were treated by using the method.

[Correlation of pathology in chronic hepatitis B to viral markers in serum and hepatic tissue].

Objective: To investigate the relation of the viral markers in serum and those expressed by hepatocytes to pathological lesions of hepatic tissue in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Methods: The relation of viral markers including HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, HBcAb and HBV DNA in serum of 647 patients with chronic hepatitis B and HBsAg, HBcAg expressed by hepatocytes in 418 of these patients to pathological lesions of hepatic tissue was determined.

Results: Viral markers in serum and those expressed by hepatocytes in patients with chronic hepatitis B were closely correlated with pathological lesions of hepatic tissue.

[Reconstruction of the remnant penis: a 52-case report].

Objective: To explore the effects of the combined method of abdominal axial flap transposition and penile elongation for the treatment of the remnant penis.

Methods: Fifty-two cases of the remnant penis treated with the combined method from 1984 April to February 2004 were analyzed retrospectively. Follow-up ranged from 0.

[Dynamic expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2, membrane type-matrix metalloproteinase-2 in experimental hepatic fibrosis and its reversal in rat].

Objective: To investigate the expression dynamics and significance of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) membrane type-matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MT-MMP-2) in hepatic fibrosis and its reversal counterpart.

Methods: An experimental CCl4 induced hepatic fibrosis rat model was established by intraperitoneal administration of carbon tetrachloride for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 weeks, and normal rats were used as a control group. The immunohistochemical methods and in situ hybridization were used to detect MMP-2,MT-MMP-2 mRNA and related antigens in the liver.

[Cut-off period of subclassification and pathological features of severe hepatitis based on clinical and pathological analyses].

Background: To explore the cut-off period of subclassification and pathological features of severe hepatitis (SH).

Methods: Based on combined clinical and pathological analyses, the complete clinical and biopsy or autopsy liver tissues data from 196 cases of patients with severe hepatitis were investigated. Meanwhile, proliferative hepatocytes, cholangioepithelia and collagens were identified by a panel of monoclonal antibodies such as those against albumin, cytokeratin 18,19 and collagen I, III with immunohistochemical method.

[Clinical pathology and pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome].

Background: To explore the pathological features and pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) to provide evidence for the clinical treatment and prevention of SARS.

Methods: Pathological features of 2 cases of full autopsy and 4 cases of needle biopsy tissue samples from the patients who died from SARS were studied by light and electron microscopy. The distribution and quantity of lymphocyte subpopulations in the lungs and immune organs from SARS patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.

Pathological changes and clinical manifestations of 1020 children with liver diseases confirmed by biopsy.

Background: Liver biopsy plays an important role in accurate diagnosis of various liver diseases in children and liver damages caused by systemic illnesses. This study was designed to evaluate the value of liver biopsy in diagnosis of liver diseases in children and explore the relationship between their pathological changes and clinical manifestations.

Methods: One-second liver biopsy was performed in 1023 pediatric patients with liver diseases at our department from 1983 to 2000.

[Clinical and pathological analysis on characteristics of primary biliary cirrhosis].

Objectives: To explore the clinical and pathological features and the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) in Chinese Mainland.

Methods: 30 PBC patients were divided into the early group (Scheuer stage I and II, 19 patients) and the late group (Scheuer stage III and IV, 11 patients). The data of clinics and serology were analyzed, and the pathological features of the liver tissues were characterized.