Advancement and Applications of Nanotherapy for Cancer Immune Microenvironment.

Cancer treatment has evolved rapidly due to major advances in tumor immunity research. However, due to the complexity, heterogeneity, and immunosuppressive microenvironment of tumors, the overall efficacy of immunotherapy is only 20%. In recent years, nanoparticles have attracted more attention in the field of cancer immunotherapy because of their remarkable advantages in biocompatibility, precise targeting, and controlled drug delivery.

Bioinformatic and Experimental Analyses Reveal That KIF4A Is a Biomarker of Therapeutic Sensitivity and Predicts Prognosis in Cervical Cancer Patients.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the expression, prognostic value, and function of kinesin superfamily 4A (KIF4A) in cervical cancer.

Methods: Cervical cancer cell lines (Hela and SiHa) and TCGA data were used for experimental and bioinformatic analyses. Overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) were compared between patients with high or low KIF4A expression.

A case report of aggressive course of CD30+ primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma.

Introduction: CD30+ primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (PC-ALCL) is a rare T-cell neoplasm, and has been reported to present with an indolent behavior. The PC-ALCL with aggressive behavior has not been reported in the literature.

Patient Concerns: We treated a patient with PC-ALCL that exhibited indolent behavior in the past 2 years and aggressive behavior within the last 3 months before presentation.

Individualized model for predicting COVID-19 deterioration in patients with cancer: A multicenter retrospective study.

The 2019 novel coronavirus has spread rapidly around the world. Cancer patients seem to be more susceptible to infection and disease deterioration, but the factors affecting the deterioration remain unclear. We aimed to develop an individualized model for prediction of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) deterioration in cancer patients.

Adenosquamous carcinoma may have an inferior prognosis to signet ring cell carcinoma in patients with stages I and II gastric cancer.

Background: Primary gastric adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is an exceedingly rare histological subtype. Gastric signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC) is a unique subtype with distinct tumor biology and clinical features. The prognosis of gastric ASC SRC has not been well established to date.

Effects of HER2 status on the prognosis of male breast cancer: a population-based study.

Objective: This study was designed to analyze the effects of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) status on the prognosis of male breast cancer (MBC).

Methods: The SEER database was used to identify MBC patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2015. Patients were divided into HER2-negative and HER2-positive groups and chi-square test was used to compare the demographics.

Comparison of geometrical uncertainties in the radiotherapy for various treatment sites with two different immobilization marking methods.

Objective: The skin marking method (SMM) and bow-form-ruler marking method (BFRM) are two commonly used patient marking methods in mainland China. This study aims to evaluate SMM and BFRM by comparing the inter-fraction setup errors from using these two methods together with vacuum cushion immobilization in patients underwent radiotherapy for different treatment sites.

Materials And Methods: Eighteen patients diagnosed with pelvic, abdominal and thoracic malignant tumors (with 6 patients per treatment site) were enrolled in this prospective study.

Radiotherapy for oligometastatic tumor improved the prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Background: This study was conducted to investigate if radiotherapy improved the overall survival (OS) of patients with oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: From January 2012 to August 2015, 323 NSCLC patients with distant metastasis were administered radiotherapy. Ninety-five patients with oligometastatic NSCLC who were sensitive to the initial chemotherapy were treated with radiotherapy for the residual lesions.

Clinical and molecular characteristics associated with the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for solid tumors: a meta-analysis.

We conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the impact of different clinical and molecular characteristics on the efficacy of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors. PubMed and Web of Science were searched for related trials. Eleven eligible studies, comprising 5,663 patients, were included in this meta-analysis.

The efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitor combination therapy in lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The value of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) combination therapy for patients with lung cancer remains unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis using PubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that might provide a reference for clinical practice.

A consensus on immunotherapy from the 2017 Chinese Lung Cancer Summit expert panel.

The notable clinical success of cancer immunotherapy using checkpoint blockade suggests that it is likely to form the foundation of curative therapy for many malignancies. However, checkpoint blockades do not achieve sustained clinical response in most patients and thus amounts of problems needed to be figured out. Regarding these challenges, the 2017 Chinese Lung Cancer Summit expert panel organized a forum on the 14th Chinese Lung Cancer Summit to formally discuss these controversies.

Clinical Characteristics and Survival Outcomes for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Double Mutations.

Multiple randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 deletion (19Del) and exon 21 L858R mutation (L858R) are highly correlated with sensitivity to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) treatment in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A mutation in exon 20 (T790M) is reportedly associated with resistance to EGFR-TKIs. However, few studies have focused on patients harboring double mutations in these 3 mutation sites.

Efficacy of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer patients harboring different types of EGFR mutations: A retrospective analysis.

With the development of molecular pathology, many types of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations have been identified. The efficacy of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with different types of EGFR mutations, especially in patients with single rare mutations or complex mutations (co-occurrence of two or more different mutations), has not been fully understood. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs in NSCLC patients with different types of EGFR mutations.

Apatinib in refractory radiation-induced brain edema: A case report.

Rationale: Apatinib is a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, which has observed to be effective and safe in refractory radiation-induced brain edema, like Avastin did. Till now, there is no case report after apatinib came in the market.

Patient Concerns: Two patients who received brain radiotherapy developed clinical manifestations of brain edema, including dizziness, headache, limb activity disorder, and so on.

A consensus on liquid biopsy from the 2016 Chinese Lung Cancer Summit expert panel.

The diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer have evolved into the era of precision medicine. Liquid biopsy, a minimally invasive approach, has emerged as a promising practice in genetic profiling and monitoring of lung cancer. Translating liquid biopsy from bench to bedside has encountered various challenges, including technique selection, protocol standardisation, data analysis and cost management.

Radiation-induced pulmonary injury accelerated pulmonary metastasis in a mouse model of breast cancer.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the acceleration of pulmonary metastasis due to pulmonary injury caused by radiation treatment in a mouse model of breast cancer, in addition to determining the associated mechanism. The passive metastatic breast cancer model was used in radiation-treated BALB/c mice. In total, 24 mice were randomly separated into two groups, with 12 mice per group, and the groups were treated with or without pulmonary radiation.

Bevacizumab alleviates radiation-induced brain necrosis: A report of four cases.

To analyze the therapeutic effect of bevacizumab on radiation-induced brain necrosis. Four radiation-induced brain necrosis patients, administered with bevacizumab at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg every 3 weeks, 2 times.

Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies in metastatic colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis.

Aim: To investigate the correlation between Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) status and the therapeutic effects of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified and the association between KRAS mutation and clinical outcome in mCRC patients treated with anti-EGFR MoAbs was investigated. Ten RCTs were included in this meta-analysis.

SUZ12 RNA interference inhibits the invasion of gastric carcinoma cells.

In order to observe the regulation effects of SUZ12 gene to the invasion of gastric carcinoma cells and the mechanisms, the expressions of SUZ12 protein in 86 patients with different infiltrating degree (Tis-T4), lymph node metastasis (N0-N3) and far metastasis (M0-M1) were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The siRNA to SUZ12 was designed and synthesized and transfected into MKN28 cells. The effects of SUZ12 siRNA to cell invasion were detected by soft agar colony forming test and Transwell cabin model.

BRAF V600E mutation as a predictive factor of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies therapeutic effects in metastatic colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between BRAF V600E mutation and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) therapeutic effects in metastatic colorectal cancer.

Methods: Studies were included into meta-analysis to investigate the association between BRAF V600E mutation and clinical outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with anti-EGFR MoAbs.

Results: A total of 7 studies were included in this meta-analysis.

A systemic review of glutathione S-transferase P1 Ile105Val polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk.

Objectives: To investigate the correlation between glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) Ile105Val polymorphism and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk.

Methods: Studies were identified to investigate the association between GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism and CRC risk. Systematic computerized searches of the PubMed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, WANFANG and SinoMed were performed.

SUZ12 RNA Interference Inhibits the Invasion of Gastric Carcinoma Cells.

In order to observe the regulation effects of SUZ12 gene to the invasion of gastric carcinoma cells and the mechanisms, the expressions of SUZ12 protein in 86 patients with different infiltrating degree (Tis-T4), lymph node metastasis (N0-N3) and far metastasis (M0-M1) were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The siRNA to SUZ12 was designed and synthesized and transfected into MKN28 cells. The effects of SUZ12 siRNA to cell invasion were detected by soft agar colony forming test and Transwell cabin model.

The role of neural-related factors in the metastasis of the gastrointestinal cancer.

Neurotransmitters are identified to be endogenous chemicals and act on neurons to transmit signals to each other or to a target cell across synapse. They are involved in many brain functions including analgesia, reward, food intake, metabolism, reproduction, social behaviors, learning, and memory. Recently, sympathetic nerve fibers were detected in many solid tumors including gastrointestinal cancer, supporting the idea that neural system has effects on tumor progression.

siRNA targeting decoy receptor 3 enhances the sensitivity of gastric carcinoma cells to 5-fluorouracil.

In order to investigate the effects of RNA interference of decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) on the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and the relevant mechanisms, siRNA against DcR3 was transfected into the gastric cancer cell line AGS. AGS cells were treated with different doses of 5-FU or for different time periods. The sensitivity of AGS cells to 5-FU was determined.