Searching for Near-Horizon Quantum Structures in the Binary Black-Hole Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background.

Quantum gravity corrections have been speculated to lead to modifications to space-time geometry near black-hole horizons. Such structures may reflect gravitational waves, causing echoes that follow the main gravitational waves from binary black-hole coalescence. By studying two phenomenological models of the near-horizon structures under the Schwarzschild approximation, we show that such echoes, if they exist, will give rise to a stochastic gravitational-wave background, which is very substantial if the near-horizon structure has a near-unity reflectivity for gravitational waves, readily detectable by Advanced LIGO.

[Drinking in different periods of a day of primary and middle school students in four cities of China].

Objective: To investigate intake of water in different periods of a day of primary and middle school students in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chengdu of China.

Methods: A total of 5914 primary and middle school students from Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chengdu were recruited using multiple-stage random sampling method from September to October 2011. Among them, 5868 students completed the survey.

[Water intake of primary and middle school students in four cities of China].

Objective: To investigate total intake of drinking water of primary and middle school students in four cities of China, and to provide scientific evidence for developing standard of intake of drinking water for primary and middle school students in China.

Methods: A total of 5914 primary and middle school students were selected from Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu and Guangzhou using multi-stage random sampling method and 5868 subjects completed the survey. The information on the amounts of daily drinking water was recorded for seven consecutive days using a 24 hour measurement.

[The relationship between within-day drinking occasion and intake amount of water of primary and middle school students in four cities of China].

Objective: To investigate the number of drinking occasions per day and average amount consumed per drinking occasion of primary and middle school students in four cities of China, and understand the relationship among drinking occasion, average amount consumed per drinking occasion and total drinking water.

Methods: A total of 5914 primary and middle school students from Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chengdu were selected using multiple-stage random sampling method, and 5868 students completed the study from September to October in 2011. The detailed information of amounts and types of daily drinking water was recorded by subjects using a 24 hours measurement for seven consecutive days.

[Daily intake of plain water and beverages of primary and middle school students in four cities of China].

Objective: To describe the daily consumption of plain water and beverages of primary and middle school students in four cities of China.

Methods: A total of 5914 students from Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chengdu were selected using multiple-stage random sampling method, and 5868 students completed the study from September to October 2011. The information on amounts and types of drinking water was recorded using a 24 hour measurement for seven consecutive days.

Report on childhood obesity in China (10): association of sleep duration with obesity.

Objectives: To explore the association of sleep duration with obesity among children in urban areas of China.

Methods: A total of 6 576 children (3 293 boys and 3 283 girls) aged 7-11 years were randomly selected from 36 primary schools in 6 metropolitan cities in China. A 7-day Physical Activity Recall was used to assess the sleep duration and physical activity level.

Report on childhood obesity in China (9): sugar-sweetened beverages consumption and obesity.

Objective: To explore the associations between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and obesity as well as obesity-related cardiometabolic disorders among children in China.

Methods: A total of 6974 (boys 3558, girls 3412) children aged 6-13 years participated in the study. Each participant's height, weight, waist circumference, fasting glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured.

[Odds ratio on cardiovascular risk factors of obesity defined by waist and body mass index].

Objective: To compare the odds ratio of waist circumference (WC) and/or body mass index (BMI) on cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods: Data on a cross-sectional study involving 41 087 adults (19 567 male, 21 520 female) from the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey were examined. According to the obesity definition of the Chinese Working Group on Obesity for Children (WGOC) (BMI, 24 and 28 kg/m(2); WC, male 85 cm, female 80 cm), the study population were divided into 9 groups.

[Waist circumference reference values for screening cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese children and adolescents aged 7 - 18 years].

Objective: To explore the optimal threshold values of waist circumference (WC) in detecting the risk on cardiovascular (CV) among the Chinese children and adolescents.

Methods: Association of WC and CV risk factors were studied among 65 898 children and adolescents aged 7 - 18 years whose data were pooled from nine studies carried out in China. Receive-operating characteristic analysis (ROC) and logistic regression were employed to derive optimal age- and sex-specific waist circumference references for predicting the CV risk factors.

Report on childhood obesity in China (8): effects and sustainability of physical activity intervention on body composition of Chinese youth.

Objectives: To determine whether a large-scale physical activity intervention could affect body composition in primary school students in Beijing, China.

Methods: The study design was one-year cluster randomized controlled trial of physical activity intervention (20 min of daily exercise in the classroom) with an additional year of follow-up among 4 700 students aged 8-11 years at baseline.

Results: After the one-year intervention, BMI increased by 0.

Relationship of body mass index, waist circumference and cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese adult.

Objective: To compare the relative risk of waist circumference (WC) and/or BMI on cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional data of 41 087 adults (19 567 male and 21 520 female) from the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey were examined. According to the obesity definition of WGOC (BMI, 24 kg/m2 and 28 kg/m2; WC, male 85 cm and 95 cm for male, 80 cm and 90 cm for female), the study population were divided into 9 groups.

Waist circumference reference values for screening cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese children and adolescents.

Objectives: To explore the optimal threshold values of waist circumference (WC) for detecting cardiovascular (CV) risk factors among Chinese children and adolescents.

Methods: Association of WC with CV risk factors was studied among 65,898 children aged 7-18 years whose data were pooled from nine previous studies in China. CV risk factors in this study included hypertension (blood pressure above 95 percentile levels), dyslipidemia (with one or more of the following three indexes: TG > or = 1.