An outbreak of rhinovirus infection in a primary school in Shenyang City, China, in 2022.

Rhinovirus (RV) is a common pathogen that causes respiratory tract infection and can cause outbreaks in hospitals and welfare institutions. A cluster of respiratory diseases occurred in a primary school in Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China, in 2022. In this outbreak, a total of 31 students had symptoms similar to those of upper respiratory tract infection, mainly cough and sore throat.

Gr-1 blockade remodels the immunosuppressive microenvironment induced by incomplete microwave ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Ablation is one of the main methods for local treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Different from radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA) is not limited by tissue conductivity, and can use multiple electrodes at the same time to improve ablation efficiency. In addition, MWA can form a larger ablation area, which makes it possible to completely ablate large HCC.

Site-specific template generative approach for retrosynthetic planning.

Retrosynthesis, the strategy of devising laboratory pathways by working backwards from the target compound, is crucial yet challenging. Enhancing retrosynthetic efficiency requires overcoming the vast complexity of chemical space, the limited known interconversions between molecules, and the challenges posed by limited experimental datasets. This study introduces generative machine learning methods for retrosynthetic planning.

GJB2 Promotes HCC Progression by Activating Glycolysis Through Cytoplasmic Translocation and Generating a Suppressive Tumor Microenvironment Based on Single Cell RNA Sequencing.

Despite substantial breakthroughs in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in recent years, many patients are diagnosed in the middle or late stages, denying them the option for surgical excision. Therefore, it is of great importance to find effective therapeutic targets of HCC. In this study, it is found that Gap junction protein beta-2 (GJB2) is highly enriched in malignant cells based on single-cell RNA sequencing and higher expression of GJB2 indicates a worse prognosis.

Mechanism insights and therapeutic intervention of tumor metastasis: latest developments and perspectives.

Metastasis remains a pivotal characteristic of cancer and is the primary contributor to cancer-associated mortality. Despite its significance, the mechanisms governing metastasis are not fully elucidated. Contemporary findings in the domain of cancer biology have shed light on the molecular aspects of this intricate process.

M-F noncoding region sequences of H1 genotype measles virus provide higher resolution for virus transmission tracing.

As countries and regions move toward measles elimination, extended sequence window including noncoding region located between the matrix and fusion protein genes (M - F NCR) was considered to be used in molecular surveillance. The molecular resolution of M - F NCR was evaluated with 192 genotype H1 strains circulating during 2011-2018 in China. Phylogenetic analyses of the N450 and M - F NCR targets indicated that both two targets could confirm epi-linked outbreak, while M - F NCR target could further improve resolution of the molecular characterization: (1) it could differentiate the strains with identical N450 circulated in one county within one month of disease onset; (2) different transmission chains could be distinguished for strains with identical N450; (3) better spatial-temporal consistency with topology could be provided among sporadic cases with inconsistent N450.

Phylogenetic characteristics and recombination analysis of echovirus 5 associated with severe acute respiratory infection in China.

This study is the first report of echovirus 5 (E5) associated with severe acute respiratory infection and obtained the first E5 whole-genome sequence in China. Combined with the sequences available in the GenBank database, the first genotyping, phylogenetic characteristics, recombination, and genetic evolutionary analysis of E5 was performed in this study. Our findings providing valuable information on global E5 molecular epidemiology.

Feed-Forward Neural Network for Predicting Enantioselectivity of the Asymmetric Negishi Reaction.

Density functional theory (DFT) is a powerful tool to model transition state (TS) energies to predict selectivity in chemical synthesis. However, a successful multistep synthesis campaign must navigate energetically narrow differences in pathways that create some limits to rapid and unambiguous application of DFT to these problems. While powerful data science techniques may provide a complementary approach to overcome this problem, doing so with the relatively small data sets that are widespread in organic synthesis presents a significant challenge.

Transcatheter arterial embolization in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms related to liver metastasis with different blood supplies.

Purpose: Liver metastasis is one of the most important factors affecting the prognosis of patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). Transhepatic artery embolization (TAE) is the main local treatment of NENs with liver metastasis (NENLM). This study aimed to elucidate the differences between pancreatic and rectal NENLM with a discrepancy in blood supply.

Carbon 14 synthesis of glycine transporter 1 inhibitor Iclepertin (BI 425809) and its major metabolites.

Carbon 14 labeled Iclepertin (BI 425809, 1) and its major metabolites were needed for ADME and several other studies necessary for the advancement of this drug candidate in clinical trials. Iclepertin is composed of two main chemical blocks, (R)-5-(methylsulfonyl)-2-([1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl]oxy)benzoic acid (2), and 3-[(1R,5R)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.

Synthesis of BI 894416 and BI 1342561, two potent and selective spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors, labeled with carbon 14 and with deuterium.

(R)-4-((R)-1-((6-(1-[tert-butyl]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridin-4-yl)oxy)ethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one (BI 894416, 1) and (R)-4-((R)-1-((6-(1-[tert-butyl]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2,3-dimethyl-2H-indazol-4-yl)oxy)ethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one (BI 1342561, 2) are two new potent and selective spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors developed to treat severe asthma. Both compounds have similar structures and they differ only in the bicyclic moiety 2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine in 1 versus 2,3-dimethyl-2H-indazole in 2. In the carbon 14 synthesis, 1-(1-[tert-butyl]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)ethan-1-one-1- C ([ C]-8) was prepared from the cyanation of 4-bromopyrazole using zinc [ C]cyanide followed by methyl lithium addition on the nitrile group.

Circulation pattern and genetic variation of human respiratory syncytial virus in China during 2008-2021.

To better understand the circulation pattern and genetic characterization of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) in China during 2008-2021, a total of 3967 HVR2 sequences were obtained from 20 provinces in China for phylogenetic analysis and sequence variation analysis. The results showed that the HRSV subtype presented the prevalence pattern of "ABBAABAABAAABB." Further genotyping identified seven genotypes for HRSVA and nine genotypes for HRSVB.

Idarubicin-loaded biodegradable microspheres enhance sensitivity to anti-PD1 immunotherapy in transcatheter arterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is an image-guided locoregional therapy used for the treatment of patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, conventional TACE formulations such as epirubicin-lipiodol emulsion are rapidly dissociated due to the instability of the emulsion, resulting in insufficient local drug concentrations in the target tumor. To overcome these limitations, we used biodegradable Idarubicin loaded microspheres (BILMs), which were prepared from gelatin and carrageenan and could be loaded with Idarubicin (IDA-MS).

Exosome-transmitted circ_002136 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by miR-19a-3p/RAB1A pathway.

Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are enriched in exosomes and are extremely stable. Exosome-mediated intercellular transfer of specific biologically active circRNA molecules can drive the transformation of the tumor microenvironment and accelerate or inhibit the local spread and multifocal growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we explored in depth about the biological roles of HCC cell-derived exosomes and exosome-transported circRNAs on HCC in vivo and in vitro.

Midazolam exhibits antitumour and enhances the efficiency of Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Midazolam (MDZ) is an anaesthetic that is widely used for anxiolysis and sedation. More recently, MDZ has also been described to be related to the outcome of various types of carcinomas. However, how MDZ influences the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its effects on the biological function and tumour immune microenvironment of this type of tumour remain unknown.

Transmission Pattern of Measles Virus Circulating in China During 1993-2021: Genotyping Evidence Supports That China Is Approaching Measles Elimination.

Background: To provide useful insights into measles elimination progress in China, measles surveillance data were reviewed, and the transmission patterns of measles viruses circulating in China during 1993-2021 were analyzed.

Methods: Measles incidence data from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System of the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention were analyzed. A total of 17 570 strains were obtained from 30 of 31 provinces in mainland China during 1993-2021.

An Outbreak of Severe Neonatal Pneumonia Caused by Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus BA9 in a Postpartum Care Centre in Shenyang, China.

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a major pathogen of lower respiratory tract infections in children (<5 years) and older individuals, with outbreaks mainly reported among infants in hospital pediatric departments and intensive care units (ICUs). An outbreak of severe neonatal pneumonia occurred in a postpartum center in Shenyang city, China, from January to February 2021. In total, 34 respiratory samples were collected from 21 neonates and 13 nursing staff.

A 3D multi-modal intelligent intervention system using electromagnetic navigation for real-time positioning and ultrasound images: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

Background: Anesthesia, nerve block, therapeutic injections, and biopsies all require an acupuncture intervention. However, traditional two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound-guided needle puncture is often challenging and therefore requires the use of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound images to accurately identify and evaluate the patient's anatomical structure.

Methods: In this study, a 3D multi-modal intelligent intervention system using electromagnetic navigation for real-time positioning and ultrasound images was described.

Combination of TACE and Lenvatinib as a promising option for downstaging to surgery of initially unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: Conversion therapy has been widely applied in various cancer types including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization combined with lenvatinib (TACE-L) as a novel conversion therapy in patients with initially unresectable ICC.

Methods: Enrolled in this retrospective study were patients with unresectable ICC who received TACE-L between January 2015 and May 2018.

Efficacy and safety of camrelizumab plus apatinib during the perioperative period in resectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a single-arm, open label, phase II clinical trial.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of camrelizumab plus apatinib in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as neoadjuvant therapy.

Methods: Initially, 20 patients with HCC were screened and 18 patients with resectable HCC were enrolled in this open-label, single-arm, phase II clinical trial. Patients received three cycles of neoadjuvant therapy including three doses of camrelizumab concurrent with apatinib for 21 days followed by surgery.

Cancer-associated fibroblast exosomes promote chemoresistance to cisplatin in hepatocellular carcinoma through circZFR targeting signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT3)/ nuclear factor -kappa B (NF-κB) pathway.

Chemoresistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been found to be influenced by exosomal transport of circRNAs. However, the role of circZFR in HCC chemoresistance still remains unclear. In the present study, circZFR was highly expressed in cisplatin (DDP)-resistant HCC cell lines and could regulate DDP resistance of the HCC cells.

Targeting Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment of HCC: New Opportunities and Challenges.

Immune associated cells in the microenvironment have a significant impact on the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and have received more and more attention. Different types of immune-associated cells play different roles, including promoting/inhibiting HCC and several different types that are controversial. It is well known that immune escape of HCC has become a difficult problem in tumor therapy.

Molecular evolution and genomic characteristics of genotype H1 of measles virus.

Measles is one of the most infectious diseases of humans. It is caused by the measles virus (MeV) and can lead to serious illness, lifelong complications, and even death. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is now available to study molecular epidemiology and identify MeV transmission pathways.